第 15 章 · 17 / 138

雜燴濃湯

CHAPTER 15. Chowder

兩人投宿「鼎沸客棧」——絞架般的雙黑鍋招牌、潑辣的赫西太太、以及滿屋揮之不去的魚腥味。

🏛️ 典故與文化背景

「鼎沸客棧(Try Pots)」與雙鍋招牌

try-pot 是捕鯨船甲板上「熬煉(try out)鯨脂取油」的大鐵鍋(後文〈煉油間 The Try-Works〉會詳寫)。客棧以兩口大黑鍋為招牌、店名一語雙關(既是煮 chowder 的鍋,也是捕鯨的煉油鍋,又諧 pot-luck 碰運氣)。但桅桁上吊著的雙鍋形似「絞刑架」,被以實瑪利讀成死亡預兆。

延續的死亡預兆串(Coffin → 墓碑 → gallows → Tophet)

以實瑪利把一連串意象串成不祥的鏈條——店主姓 Coffin(棺材,第 2–3 章)、禮拜堂的墓碑(第 7 章)、如今的「絞架」與黑鍋——並聯想到 Tophet(地獄,見第 2 章典故)。這種「凡事都讀出凶兆」的敏感,烘托全書步步逼近毀滅的宿命氛圍。

「蛤還是鱈(Clam or Cod)」的諧音喜劇

本章著名的輕喜橋段。以實瑪利把 clam(蛤)聽岔,又拿 clam/clammy(又冷又黏)/cold 連珠諧音打趣,赫西太太卻只聽得見「clam」一個字、忙著回頭罵人——文字遊戲與性格速寫俱佳,是梅爾維爾調劑沉鬱主題的幽默筆觸。

雜燴濃湯(chowder)

新英格蘭名菜,以蛤或魚、馬鈴薯/餅乾、鹹豬肉、奶油熬煮。本章對 chowder 做法與美味的細膩描寫,是全書難得的「美食文學」,也透出兩位旅人寒夜得食的暖意。

「雜燴腦袋(chowder-headed)」

英語俚語,罵人「笨頭笨腦、糊塗」(如同腦袋裡裝的是一鍋糊湯)。以實瑪利吃著 chowder 自嘲地想起這句俚語——又一處文字遊戲。

魚腥無所不在的誇張

蛤殼鋪地、鱈骨項鍊、鯊皮帳本、吃魚雜的牛、帶魚味的牛奶——梅爾維爾用層層誇飾(hyperbole)把「漁村」推到荒誕的極致。那頭「四腳各踩一顆鱈魚頭走路」的牛,是全章最妙的喜劇畫面。

斯蒂格斯之死與「收魚叉」的規矩

赫西太太收走魁魁格魚叉的理由——曾有房客斯蒂格斯(Stiggs)跑了四年半的倒楣航程、只換回三桶油,回來後「魚叉插在肋下」死在房裡(暗示可能是自殺或意外)。這個一筆帶過的黑色小插曲,既解釋了「床上不准帶武器」的喜趣規矩(呼應第 3 章魁魁格的菸斗戰斧),也再為捕鯨業的悲慘與凶險添一注腳。

📖 導讀

夜深時,青苔號下錨,以實瑪利與魁魁格上岸。噴水客棧店主推薦了他表親何西亞・赫西開的「鼎沸客棧(Try Pots)」——說那兒的雜燴濃湯(chowder)一絕。一番繞口令般的指路(黃倉庫在右舷、白教堂在左舷……)後,他們終於找到:兩口塗黑的大木鍋掛在一根老桅杆橫桁上、活像一座絞刑架。以實瑪利又起不祥的聯想:登陸第一站店主姓「柯芬(棺材)」、禮拜堂裡的墓碑、如今又是絞架加兩口黑鍋——莫非都在暗示「陀斐特(地獄)」?

店主不在,由潑辣能幹、邊罵人邊待客的赫西太太接待。她劈頭只問一句「蛤還是鱈(Clam or Cod)?」——引出一段諧音笑料(以實瑪利沒聽懂,還拿 clam/clammy「又冷又黏」打趣)。等那鍋熱騰騰的蛤肉雜燴端上來,謎底揭曉:小蛤、碎船餅乾、鹹豬肉丁,加奶油、鹽與胡椒——美味絕倫。他做了個「實驗」,到廚房門口喊一聲「鱈(cod)」,果然又端來一鍋鱈魚雜燴。這「鼎沸客棧」名副其實,魚腥無處不在:門前用蛤殼鋪地、太太戴鱈魚脊椎骨項鍊、帳本用鯊魚皮裝訂、連牛奶都有魚味(原來那頭乳牛在沙灘上吃魚雜、四隻腳各踩著一顆鱈魚頭走路)。睡前赫西太太收走魁魁格的魚叉(因為曾有房客「斯蒂格斯」帶魚叉睡覺、死在房裡)。

重點

  • 不祥的招牌:雙黑鍋掛在桅桁上像絞架——延續「柯芬(棺材)→墓碑→絞架」的死亡預兆串。
  • 「蛤還是鱈」諧音喜劇:clam / clammy / cod 的雙關打趣,是全書著名的輕喜橋段。
  • 雜燴濃湯的禮讚:細寫 chowder 的做法與美味——梅爾維爾難得的「美食文學」。
  • 魚腥無所不在:蛤殼鋪地、魚骨項鍊、鯊皮帳本、吃魚的牛——把「漁村」誇張到極致。
  • 收魚叉的規矩:呼應全書「床上不准帶危險武器」的喜趣(斯蒂格斯死於房中的小插曲)。

📕 中英對照(逐句)

¶ 1

It was quite late in the evening when the little Moss came snugly to anchor, and Queequeg and I went ashore; so we could attend to no business that day, at least none but a supper and a bed.

小青苔號穩穩下錨時,夜已相當深了,我和魁魁格上了岸;所以那天我們什麼正事都辦不成,至少除了一頓晚飯、一張床之外,別無他事。

The landlord of the Spouter-Inn had recommended us to his cousin Hosea Hussey of the Try Pots, whom he asserted to be the proprietor of one of the best kept hotels in all Nantucket, and moreover he had assured us that Cousin Hosea, as he called him, was famous for his chowders.

噴水客棧的店主把我們推薦給他開「鼎沸客棧」的表親何西亞・赫西,一口咬定他是全南塔克特管理最好的旅館之一的老闆,還向我們保證,他口中的「何西亞表哥」做的雜燴濃湯遠近聞名。

In short, he plainly hinted that we could not possibly do better than try pot-luck at the Try Pots.

總之,他明白暗示:我們再沒有比去「鼎沸客棧」碰碰「鍋」運(嚐嚐家常便飯)更好的選擇了。

But the directions he had given us about keeping a yellow warehouse on our starboard hand till we opened a white church to the larboard, and then keeping that on the larboard hand till we made a corner three points to the starboard, and that done, then ask the first man we met where the place was: these crooked directions of his very much puzzled us at first, especially as, at the outset, Queequeg insisted that the yellow warehouse—our first point of departure—must be left on the larboard hand, whereas I had understood Peter Coffin to say it was on the starboard.

但他給我們指的路——讓一座黃倉庫留在右舷側,直到一座白教堂出現在左舷;再讓那教堂留在左舷側,直到我們轉過一個偏右舷三個羅經點的街角;做完這些,再問碰到的第一個人那地方在哪兒:他這套彎彎繞繞的指路,起初把我們搞得一頭霧水,尤其因為一開始魁魁格就堅持,那座黃倉庫——我們的第一個出發參照點——該留在左舷側,而我卻記得彼得・柯芬說的是右舷。

However, by dint of beating about a little in the dark, and now and then knocking up a peaceable inhabitant to inquire the way, we at last came to something which there was no mistaking.

不過,靠著在黑暗裡來回摸索了一陣、又不時把某個安分的居民敲門叫起來問路,我們最後總算來到一處絕不會認錯的東西跟前。

¶ 2

Two enormous wooden pots painted black, and suspended by asses’ ears, swung from the cross-trees of an old top-mast, planted in front of an old doorway.

兩口塗成黑色的巨大木鍋,由「驢耳」(鍋柄環)吊著,從一根豎在舊門口前的老頂桅的桅橫桁上盪著。

The horns of the cross-trees were sawed off on the other side, so that this old top-mast looked not a little like a gallows.

那桅橫桁另一側的「角」被鋸掉了,於是這根老頂桅看上去活像一座絞刑架。

Perhaps I was over sensitive to such impressions at the time, but I could not help staring at this gallows with a vague misgiving.

也許當時我對這類印象過於敏感了,但我忍不住盯著這座「絞架」,心頭隱隱泛起一陣不安。

A sort of crick was in my neck as I gazed up to the two remaining horns; yes, two of them, one for Queequeg, and one for me.

我抬頭望著那剩下的兩隻「角」,脖子都望僵了;沒錯,兩隻——一隻給魁魁格,一隻給我。

It’s ominous, thinks I.

不祥啊,我心想。

A Coffin my Innkeeper upon landing in my first whaling port; tombstones staring at me in the whalemen’s chapel; and here a gallows! and a pair of prodigious black pots too! Are these last throwing out oblique hints touching Tophet?

我登陸第一個捕鯨港,店主就姓「柯芬(棺材)」;捕鯨人禮拜堂裡墓碑直瞪著我;如今又來一座絞架!外加一對碩大的黑鍋!這最後這對黑鍋,莫非是在拐彎抹角地暗示「陀斐特(地獄)」?

¶ 3

I was called from these reflections by the sight of a freckled woman with yellow hair and a yellow gown, standing in the porch of the inn, under a dull red lamp swinging there, that looked much like an injured eye, and carrying on a brisk scolding with a man in a purple woollen shirt.

把我從這些遐想中喚回來的,是這麼一幅景象:一個滿臉雀斑、黃頭髮、穿黃袍的女人,站在客棧門廊下、一盞盪著的暗紅燈籠底下——那燈籠很像一隻受了傷的眼睛——正跟一個穿紫色毛襯衫的男人潑辣地對罵。

¶ 4

“Get along with ye,” said she to the man, “or I’ll be combing ye!”

「給我滾開,」她對那男人說,「不然我可要『梳理梳理』你(修理你)了!」

¶ 5

“Come on, Queequeg,” said I, “all right. There’s Mrs. Hussey.”

「來吧,魁魁格,」我說,「沒錯。那位就是赫西太太了。」

¶ 6

And so it turned out; Mr. Hosea Hussey being from home, but leaving Mrs. Hussey entirely competent to attend to all his affairs.

果然如此;何西亞・赫西先生不在家,但留下赫西太太一人,完全能幹地打理他所有的事務。

Upon making known our desires for a supper and a bed, Mrs. Hussey, postponing further scolding for the present, ushered us into a little room, and seating us at a table spread with the relics of a recently concluded repast, turned round to us and said—“Clam or Cod?”

我們一說明想要晚飯和床鋪,赫西太太便暫且擱下罵人,把我們領進一個小房間,讓我們在一張擺著剛吃完一餐的殘羹剩飯的桌邊坐下,然後轉過身來對我們說——「蛤,還是鱈?」

¶ 7

“What’s that about Cods, ma’am?” said I, with much politeness.

「您說鱈魚怎麼了,太太?」我十分客氣地問。

¶ 8

“Clam or Cod?” she repeated.

「蛤,還是鱈?」她又問了一遍。

¶ 9

“A clam for supper? a cold clam; is that what you mean, Mrs. Hussey?” says I, “but that’s a rather cold and clammy reception in the winter time, ain’t it, Mrs. Hussey?”

「晚飯吃一個蛤?一個冷蛤;您是這意思嗎,赫西太太?」我說,「可大冬天的,這招待也未免又冷又黏(clammy)了點吧,赫西太太?」

¶ 10

But being in a great hurry to resume scolding the man in the purple Shirt, who was waiting for it in the entry, and seeming to hear nothing but the word “clam,” Mrs. Hussey hurried towards an open door leading to the kitchen, and bawling out “clam for two,” disappeared.

但赫西太太急著要回去繼續罵那個在門廳裡等著挨罵、穿紫襯衫的男人,又似乎只聽見「蛤」這個字,便匆匆朝通往廚房的一扇開著的門走去,大聲嚷一句「兩份蛤」,就不見了人影。

¶ 11

“Queequeg,” said I, “do you think that we can make out a supper for us both on one clam?”

「魁魁格,」我說,「你覺得我倆靠一個蛤湊得出一頓晚飯來嗎?」

¶ 12

However, a warm savory steam from the kitchen served to belie the apparently cheerless prospect before us.

然而,從廚房飄來一股溫暖噴香的蒸氣,把我們眼前這看似淒清的前景一舉推翻了。

But when that smoking chowder came in, the mystery was delightfully explained.

而當那鍋熱氣騰騰的雜燴濃湯端上來時,謎底便令人欣喜地揭曉了。

Oh, sweet friends! hearken to me. It was made of small juicy clams, scarcely bigger than hazel nuts, mixed with pounded ship biscuit, and salted pork cut up into little flakes; the whole enriched with butter, and plentifully seasoned with pepper and salt.

噢,親愛的朋友們!且聽我說。它是用一種多汁的小蛤——幾乎不比榛子大——拌上搗碎的船用餅乾、切成小薄片的鹹豬肉做的;整鍋再用奶油增添濃郁、又用大量鹽與胡椒調味。

Our appetites being sharpened by the frosty voyage, and in particular, Queequeg seeing his favourite fishing food before him, and the chowder being surpassingly excellent, we despatched it with great expedition: when leaning back a moment and bethinking me of Mrs. Hussey’s clam and cod announcement, I thought I would try a little experiment.

我們的胃口被那趟寒冷的航程磨得正利,尤其魁魁格見到眼前這道他最愛的漁家食物,加上這雜燴又美味得無與倫比,我們便以極快的速度把它一掃而光:這時我往後一靠,想起赫西太太「蛤還是鱈」的那句問話,便起了做個小實驗的念頭。

Stepping to the kitchen door, I uttered the word “cod” with great emphasis, and resumed my seat. In a few moments the savoury steam came forth again, but with a different flavor, and in good time a fine cod-chowder was placed before us.

我走到廚房門口,特別加重語氣說了「鱈」這個字,便回到座位。沒過多久,那噴香的蒸氣又冒了出來,只是換了一種味道,不一會兒,一鍋上好的鱈魚雜燴就擺到了我們面前。

¶ 13

We resumed business; and while plying our spoons in the bowl, thinks I to myself, I wonder now if this here has any effect on the head? What’s that stultifying saying about chowder-headed people?

我們又埋頭吃了起來;一邊在碗裡忙活著湯匙,我一邊暗想,不曉得這玩意兒對腦袋有沒有什麼影響?那句說人「雜燴腦袋(笨頭笨腦)」的傻話是怎麼說來著?

“But look, Queequeg, ain’t that a live eel in your bowl? Where’s your harpoon?”

「不過你看,魁魁格,你碗裡那不是條活鰻魚嗎?你的魚叉呢?」

¶ 14

Fishiest of all fishy places was the Try Pots, which well deserved its name; for the pots there were always boiling chowders.

在所有魚腥的地方裡,「鼎沸客棧」是最魚腥的,它這名字真是名副其實;因為那兒的鍋總是煮著雜燴濃湯。

Chowder for breakfast, and chowder for dinner, and chowder for supper, till you began to look for fish-bones coming through your clothes.

早餐雜燴、午餐雜燴、晚餐還是雜燴,吃到你開始留神看會不會有魚刺從你衣服裡冒出來。

The area before the house was paved with clam-shells. Mrs. Hussey wore a polished necklace of codfish vertebra; and Hosea Hussey had his account books bound in superior old shark-skin.

屋前那片地是用蛤殼鋪的。赫西太太戴著一條磨光的鱈魚脊椎骨項鍊;何西亞・赫西的帳本則是用上等的老鯊魚皮裝訂的。

There was a fishy flavor to the milk, too, which I could not at all account for, till one morning happening to take a stroll along the beach among some fishermen’s boats, I saw Hosea’s brindled cow feeding on fish remnants, and marching along the sand with each foot in a cod’s decapitated head, looking very slip-shod, I assure ye.

連牛奶都帶著一股魚味,這我怎麼也想不通,直到一天早晨,我碰巧在沙灘上的幾條漁船之間散步,看見何西亞那頭花斑乳牛正吃著魚的殘骸,在沙灘上邁步走著,四隻腳各踩在一顆被斬了頭的鱈魚頭裡——我向你保證,那模樣可真是邋遢拖沓得很。

¶ 15

Supper concluded, we received a lamp, and directions from Mrs. Hussey concerning the nearest way to bed; but, as Queequeg was about to precede me up the stairs, the lady reached forth her arm, and demanded his harpoon; she allowed no harpoon in her chambers.

晚飯吃完,我們從赫西太太那兒領了一盞燈、聽了去睡覺最近的路怎麼走;但魁魁格正要先我一步上樓時,這位太太伸出手臂,要他交出魚叉;她房裡不准擺魚叉。

“Why not?” said I; “every true whaleman sleeps with his harpoon—but why not?” “Because it’s dangerous,” says she.

「為什麼不行?」我說;「每個真正的捕鯨人都帶著魚叉睡覺——可為什麼不行呢?」「因為危險,」她說。

“Ever since young Stiggs coming from that unfort’nt v’y’ge of his, when he was gone four years and a half, with only three barrels of ile, was found dead in my first floor back, with his harpoon in his side; ever since then I allow no boarders to take sich dangerous weepons in their rooms at night.

「自從那年輕的斯蒂格斯,打他那趟倒楣的航程回來——他一去就是四年半,才換回三桶油——被人發現死在我家二樓後間、魚叉插在他自己肋下;打那以後,我就不准房客夜裡把這種危險傢伙帶進房裡了。

So, Mr. Queequeg” (for she had learned his name), “I will just take this here iron, and keep it for you till morning. But the chowder; clam or cod to-morrow for breakfast, men?”

所以呢,魁魁格先生」(她已經學會了他的名字),「我就把這支鐵傢伙拿走,替你保管到天亮。對了,雜燴湯;二位明早早餐要蛤還是鱈?」

¶ 16

“Both,” says I; “and let’s have a couple of smoked herring by way of variety.”

「都要,」我說;「再來兩條煙燻鯡魚換換口味吧。」

📚 艱深單字/片語/句型(20)

每個附 KK 音標、詞義、中英例句、詞源實用度、同義詞常用度(0–100%)、詞性變化(動詞含時態)。
1cross-treesKK [ˈkrɔsˌtriz](n. 複數,航海)桅橫桁、橫木
  • 詞義:(航海)裝在桅杆上部、用來撐開索具、供瞭望者站立的一對橫木。文中兩口黑鍋就吊在 the cross-trees of an old top-mast(一根老頂桅的桅橫桁)上。
  • 例句:The lookout perched on the cross-trees./瞭望手棲在桅橫桁上。
  • 詞源+實用度:cross + tree(桅杆部件古稱)。航海專門詞;讀海洋文學常見。
  • 同義詞常用度:spreaders 60%(現代帆船)| crosstrees 55% | yard 40%(不同)
  • 詞性變化:n.(複數)cross-treescrosstrees
2gallowsKK [ˈɡæloz](n.)絞刑架
  • 詞義:行絞刑用的木架。文中老桅杆形似 a gallows = 一座絞刑架(不祥意象)。
  • 例句:The condemned man was led to the gallows./死囚被押向絞刑架。
  • 詞源+實用度:古英語 galga。常用(gallows humor 絞刑架幽默=拿死亡/災禍自嘲的黑色幽默,很實用的詞組)。
  • 同義詞常用度:scaffold 70% | gibbet 40% | noose 55% | gallows 75%
  • 詞性變化:n. gallows(單複數同形)。
3misgivingKK [mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋ](n.,常複數)疑慮、不安、擔憂
  • 詞義:對某事即將出錯的疑慮、不放心。文中 a vague misgiving = 一陣隱隱的不安。
  • 例句:She had misgivings about signing the contract./她對簽這份合約心存疑慮。
  • 詞源+實用度:mis-(錯)+ giving(give 古義「料想」)。書面口語都常用(have misgivings about)。
  • 同義詞常用度:doubt 80% | qualm 60% | apprehension 65% | misgiving 70%
  • 詞性變化:n. misgiving(s)
4obliqueKK [əˈblik](adj.)斜的;(言語)拐彎抹角的、間接的
  • 詞義:(1) 傾斜的、非直角的;(2) 引申「(說法)不直接、旁敲側擊的」。文中 oblique hints touching Tophet = 拐彎抹角地暗示地獄。
  • 例句:He made only oblique references to the scandal./他對那醜聞只作了些含蓄的旁敲側擊。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 obliquus(斜的)。書面常用,比喻義(an oblique remark/approach)很實用;幾何/語法亦用(oblique angle/case)。
  • 同義詞常用度:indirect 80% | slanting 65% | veiled 55% | oblique 70%
  • 詞性變化:adj. oblique | adv. obliquely | n. obliquity(傾斜;隱晦)。
5freckledKK [ˈfrɛk!d](adj.)有雀斑的
  • 詞義:皮膚上有雀斑(小褐點)的。文中 a freckled woman = 一個滿臉雀斑的女人(赫西太太)。
  • 例句:The freckled boy grinned in the sun./那滿臉雀斑的男孩在陽光下咧嘴笑。
  • 詞源+實用度:freckle(雀斑,北歐語源)+ -ed。日常常用。
  • 同義詞常用度:spotted 60% | speckled 55% | freckled 75%
  • 詞性變化:adj. freckled | n./v. freckle
6briskKK [brɪsk](adj.)(動作)輕快俐落的;(生意)興旺的;(天氣)清冷的
  • 詞義:(1) 動作/步調明快俐落、精神抖擻的;(2)(生意)熱絡的(brisk trade);(3)(空氣)清冷宜人的。文中 a brisk scolding = 潑辣(連珠炮般俐落)地對罵。
  • 例句:a brisk walk /一段輕快的快走。 Sales were brisk./銷售很興旺。
  • 詞源+實用度:或源自法語 brusque。口語書面都高頻,多義皆實用。
  • 同義詞常用度:lively 80% | quick 85% | energetic 75% | brisk 80%
  • 詞性變化:adj. brisk | adv. briskly | v. brisken(罕)。
7scoldKK [skold](v.)責罵、訓斥;(n.)潑婦
  • 詞義:(1) v. 大聲斥責、數落;(2) n.(舊)愛罵人的潑婦。文中 carrying on a brisk scolding = 潑辣地對罵。
  • 例句:She scolded the children for being late./她責罵孩子們遲到。
  • 詞源+實用度:北歐語源(與 skald 詩人/嘲諷相關)。口語書面都常用;名詞「潑婦」義古(a common scold 舊時法律罪名)。
  • 同義詞常用度:tell off 80% | rebuke 65% | chide 50% | scold 80%
  • 詞性變化:v./n. scoldscoldedscolding)| n. scolding(一頓責罵)。
8competentKK [ˈkɑmpətənt](adj.)能勝任的、有能力的;(法律)有資格的
  • 詞義:(1) 能把事做好、足以勝任的;(2)(法律)有資格/有權限的。文中 entirely competent to attend to all his affairs = 完全能幹地打理他所有事務。
  • 例句:She's a highly competent manager./她是個非常能幹的經理。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 competere(相稱、勝任)。口語書面都高頻;反義 incompetent(無能的)。
  • 同義詞常用度:capable 85% | able 80% | proficient 65% | competent 85%
  • 詞性變化:adj. competent(反義 incompetent)| adv. competently | n. competencecompetency
9repastKK [rɪˈpæst](n.,正式/文學)一餐、餐食
  • 詞義:(正式/文學)一頓飯、餐食。文中 the relics of a recently concluded repast = 剛吃完一餐的殘羹剩飯。
  • 例句:They enjoyed a simple but hearty repast./他們享用了一頓簡單卻豐盛的餐食。
  • 詞源+實用度:古法語 repastre-past 餵食)。文雅/書面詞,日常說 meal。
  • 同義詞常用度:meal 90% | feast 60% | spread 55% | repast 25%
  • 詞性變化:n. repast
10clammyKK [ˈklæmɪ](adj.)(不舒服地)濕冷黏膩的
  • 詞義:又濕、又冷、又黏的(如冒冷汗的手、潮濕陰冷的天氣)。文中以實瑪利拿它跟 clam(蛤)諧音打趣:a rather cold and clammy reception = 又冷又黏(clammy)的招待。
  • 例句:His hands were cold and clammy with fear./他的手因恐懼而又冷又黏。
  • 詞源+實用度:與 clam(蛤——本身也濕冷黏滑)同源族。口語書面都常用,形容不適的濕冷觸感。
  • 同義詞常用度:damp 75% | sweaty 70% | moist 65% | clammy 70%
  • 詞性變化:adj. clammy | adv. clammily | n. clamminess
11belieKK [bɪˈlaɪ](v.)(外表)掩蓋(真相);與…不符、證明…為假
  • 詞義:(1) 給人錯誤印象、掩蓋真相(外表與實情不符);(2) 顯示某說法不實。文中 served to belie the apparently cheerless prospect =(香氣)把看似淒清的前景一舉推翻(證明它不是真的)。
  • 例句:Her calm voice belied her inner panic./她平靜的嗓音掩蓋了內心的慌亂。
  • 詞源+實用度:be- + lie(說謊)。書面常用(注意:是「與…相矛盾/掩蓋」而非「揭露」,常被誤用)。
  • 同義詞常用度:contradict 75% | disguise 65% | mask 60% | belie 50%
  • 詞性變化:v. beliebeliedbelyingbelies)。
12savory / savouryKK [ˈsevərɪ](adj.)(食物)噴香可口的、鹹香的;(n.)香薄荷
  • 詞義:(1)(氣味/味道)噴香誘人的;(2) 鹹味的(對 sweet 甜的);(3) 體面正派的(多用否定 not very savoury)。文中 a warm savory steam = 一股溫暖噴香的蒸氣。
  • 例句:savory dishes /鹹味菜餚。 a less than savory reputation /不太光彩的名聲。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 sapor(味道,savour 同源)。餐飲常用(savory vs sweet);比喻「正派/體面」義也常見。
  • 同義詞常用度:tasty 85% | flavorful 70% | appetizing 65% | savory 75%
  • 詞性變化:adj. savorysavoury | n./v. savour(滋味;細品)。
13dispatch / despatchKK [dɪˈspætʃ](v.)迅速處理(解決/吃完);派遣;(n.)急件、報導
  • 詞義:(1) 迅速地辦完、解決,或(口語)很快吃光;(2) 派遣(人/物);(3) n. 公文急件、戰地報導。文中 we despatched it with great expedition = 我們以極快的速度把它一掃而光(吃完)。
  • 例句:He dispatched the meal in minutes./他幾分鐘就把飯掃光。 dispatch troops /派遣部隊。
  • 詞源+實用度:義大利/西班牙語源。多義高頻;「迅速吃完/解決」是口語生動用法。
  • 同義詞常用度:finish off 80% | polish off 70% | send 80%(派遣義)| dispatch 70%
  • 詞性變化:v./n. dispatchdespatchdispatcheddispatching)。
14expeditionKK [ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən](n.)迅速、敏捷;遠征、探險(隊)
  • 詞義:(1)(正式)迅速、敏捷;(2) 遠征、探險(隊)。文中 with great expedition = 以極快的速度(迅速義,非探險義)。
  • 例句:The matter was handled with expedition./這件事被迅速地處理了。 a polar expedition /一支極地探險隊。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 expedire(使腳脫困→使順利進行,expedite 同源)。「探險隊」義日常最常見;「迅速」義偏正式書面(本章取此)。
  • 同義詞常用度:speed 80% | promptness 60%(迅速義)| journey 75%(探險義)| expedition 75%
  • 詞性變化:n. expedition | v. expedite(加速辦理)| adj. expeditious(迅速的)。
15stultifyKK [ˈstʌltəˌfaɪ](v.)使(人)變遲鈍呆滯;使顯得愚蠢、使(努力)落空
  • 詞義:(1) 使(思想)麻木呆滯、扼殺活力;(2) 使顯得荒謬、使(行動)徒勞。文中 that stultifying saying about chowder-headed people = 那句說人「雜燴腦袋(笨頭笨腦)」的、令人變蠢的傻話。
  • 例句:a stultifying, repetitive job /一份令人腦袋發鈍、重複乏味的工作。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 stultus(愚蠢)+ -fy。書面詞(stultifying boredom/routine 很地道)。
  • 同義詞常用度:deaden 60% | numb 55% | dull 70% | stultify 30%
  • 詞性變化:v. stultifystultifiedstultifying)| adj. stultifying | n. stultification
16vertebraKK [ˈvɝtəbrə](n.)脊椎骨(複數 vertebrae)
  • 詞義:構成脊柱的單塊骨頭。文中 a polished necklace of codfish vertebra = 一條磨光的鱈魚脊椎骨項鍊。
  • 例句:He fractured a vertebra in the fall./他摔斷了一節脊椎骨。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 vertebra(關節,vertere 轉)。醫學/解剖常用;複數 vertebrae [ˈvɝtəˌbri];形容詞 vertebrate(脊椎動物的)。
  • 同義詞常用度:backbone segment 50% | spinal bone 55% | vertebra 80%
  • 詞性變化:n. vertebra(複 vertebrae)| adj./n. vertebrate(脊椎動物)| n. vertebral column(脊柱)。
17brindledKK [ˈbrɪnd!d](adj.)(毛色)有斑紋的、虎斑的
  • 詞義:(動物毛皮)底色上帶深色條紋或斑點的(多形容牛、狗、貓)。文中 Hosea’s brindled cow = 何西亞那頭花斑乳牛。
  • 例句:a brindled bulldog /一隻虎斑鬥牛犬。
  • 詞源+實用度:中古英語 brended(燒灼般的斑紋)。專門形容毛色(畜牧/寵物),讀文學/見品種描述會遇到。
  • 同義詞常用度:streaked 60% | tabby 50%(貓)| mottled 55% | brindled 45%
  • 詞性變化:adj. brindledbrindle
18decapitateKK [dɪˈkæpəˌtet](v.)斬首、砍頭
  • 詞義:把頭砍下、斬首。文中 a cod’s decapitated head = 一顆被斬了頭的鱈魚頭(即砍下來的鱈魚頭)。
  • 例句:The statue had been decapitated by vandals./那雕像的頭被破壞者砍掉了。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 de-(去除)+ caput(頭,capital、captain 同源)。書面/新聞常用(亦比喻「斬除組織首腦」decapitation strike 斬首行動)。
  • 同義詞常用度:behead 80% | guillotine 50% | decapitate 70%
  • 詞性變化:v. decapitatedecapitateddecapitating)| n. decapitation
19slipshodKK [ˈslɪpˌʃɑd](adj.)馬虎草率的;邋遢拖沓的
  • 詞義:(1) 做事馬虎、草率不仔細的;(2) 衣著/外表邋遢、拖沓不整的。文中那頭腳踩魚頭走路的牛 looking very slip-shod = 那模樣邋遢拖沓得很(雙關:字面「鞋子拖沓」+ 形容詞「邋遢」)。
  • 例句:The report was full of slipshod errors./那份報告滿是馬虎的錯誤。
  • 詞源+實用度:slip + shod(穿鞋的)——原指「趿著鬆垮的鞋」。口語書面都常用,貶義(slipshod work/manner)。
  • 同義詞常用度:careless 80% | sloppy 80% | shoddy 65% | slipshod 60%
  • 詞性變化:adj. slipshod
20herringKK [ˈhɛrɪŋ](n.)鯡魚
  • 詞義:北大西洋常見、成群洄游的小型食用魚,常醃製或煙燻(如 kipper)。文中 a couple of smoked herring = 兩條煙燻鯡魚。
  • 例句:Pickled herring is a Nordic staple./醃鯡魚是北歐的家常食物。
  • 詞源+實用度:古英語 hæring。常見食材詞;最重要的衍生片語是 red herring(轉移注意力的假線索;偵探小說/論辯常用)。
  • 同義詞常用度:(無同義;相關)kipper 50%(煙燻鯡)| herring 80%
  • 詞性變化:n. herring(單複數常同形)| 片語 red herring(誤導性假線索)。