🏛️ 典故與文化背景
Merry Christmas 的反諷
全章以「聖誕快樂」為題,啟航卻在一個「短暫而寒冷的聖誕」、扎進「孤寂的大西洋」。基督誕生、普世歡騰的節日,與裴廓德號駛向不歸厄運的肅殺開場形成尖銳對照——melville 用節慶之名反襯命運之冷,是全書反諷基調的又一例。
Bildad 唱的聖詩
「Sweet fields beyond the swelling flood…」出自英國聖詩作者 Isaac Watts(瓦茨,本章提到的「Watts」即指他的詩篇集)的名作〈There is a land of pure delight〉。詩中「漲潮彼岸的甜美田野」喻天國,「迦南/約旦河」用以色列人渡約旦河進迦南(應許之地)的典故——隔著一條河望見樂土。melville 讓這首「望向應許之地」的聖詩在啟航的寒夜響起,既給航程罩上一層宗教的希望,又暗含「彼岸/天國須渡過凶險之水才能抵達」的反諷。
迦南與約旦河(Canaan / Jordan)
舊約裡,以色列人出埃及、在曠野漂流四十年後,渡過約旦河進入神應許的迦南美地。聖詩借此把「死亡之河彼岸的天國」比作迦南。對一艘正駛向死亡之海的捕鯨船,這意象格外沉重——船員們能否渡過「這片約旦河」抵達彼岸?
「兩個風暴角」(both stormy Capes)
指南美洲最南端的合恩角(Cape Horn)與非洲最南端的好望角(Cape of Good Hope)——都是航海史上最凶險、風暴最烈的海角。捕鯨船去太平洋/印度洋漁場往往要繞行其一,「beyond both stormy Capes」點出航程之遠、之險。
Bildad 告別清單的人物刻畫
比勒達臨別的絮叨從「別忘禱告」「主日別捕太兇」(清教虔誠)一路滑到「雪松板漲了三成」「糖蜜桶漏了」「奶油一磅二十分錢」(錙銖必較的吝嗇)——melville 用一段語無倫次的獨白,把這個「邊唸經邊摳錢」的矛盾人物寫到極致,溫情與慳吝同框,可笑又可憐。延續第 16、18 章對 Bildad 偽善/吝嗇的鋪陳,這裡是他的「謝幕」。
Stubb 與 Flask 點名
二副 Stubb(斯塔布,慈善姑媽的妹夫)、三副 Flask(弗拉斯克)在此隨法勒的道別被點到名。連同大副 Starbuck,裴廓德號的三位船副至此全部亮相——後文各章(如 Knights and Squires)會逐一深寫三人性格(Starbuck 謹慎虔誠、Stubb 樂天嬉笑、Flask 莽撞好鬥)。
「像命運般盲然扎進大西洋」(blindly plunged like fate into the lone Atlantic)
全章的收束金句。like fate(像命運一般)、blindly(盲然地)、lone(孤寂的)三個詞把啟航寫成一場身不由己、看不見前路的宿命投奔。這一句正式為全書下半的悲劇定調——船一旦離岸,眾人便交付給了「命運」與那位仍隱身艙中的亞哈。
航海術語的密度
本章塞滿起錨啟航的專業詞(capstan 絞盤、windlass 絞車、handspike 絞桿、strike the tent 拆棚、man the capstan 上絞盤、get under weigh 啟航、back the main-yard 掉轉主桅桁)。melville 刻意讓讀者「親歷」一次完整的起錨流程——這種把專業細節寫到讓人身臨其境的功夫,正是《白鯨記》作為「捕鯨百科全書式小說」的標誌之一。
📖 導讀
將近正午,索具工全部遣散、裴廓德號被拖離碼頭,連體貼的慈善姑媽都坐捕鯨小艇趕來送最後的禮(給二副斯塔布的睡帽、給膳務員的備用聖經)。隨後法勒和比勒達兩位船長從艙裡出來,法勒向大副斯塔巴克下令:「都齊備了嗎?亞哈船長一切就緒——我剛跟他說過話——岸上沒別的事了吧?那就召集全員,趕到後甲板來,該死的!」比勒達照例糾正:「再急也別說髒話,法勒。」
亞哈仍不見人影(只說在艙裡)。敘事者解釋:起錨出港、領船出海本是領航員的活,不是船長的事,加上亞哈「還沒完全康復」,所以他待在下面——這看來也算自然。可法勒這會兒生龍活虎、又罵又喊地包辦了發號施令:「拆帳篷!」(船上規矩,拆掉鯨骨棚屋=下一步就要起錨)「上絞盤!轟雷閃電的——跳起來幹!」
比勒達身兼港口領航員(據說是為了替自己有份的船省下領航費才去考的照,因為他從不替別船領航),這會兒在船頭探看起錨,還不時哼唱陰鬱的聖詩給絞盤旁的水手打氣——而那些水手卻起勁地對唱起「布柏巷的姑娘」之類的下流歌;可三天前比勒達才禁過船上唱穢歌、慈善姑媽還在每個水手鋪位放了本聖詩集(Watts)。船尾那頭,法勒則罵得驚天動地、活像要在起錨前先把船弄沉。以實瑪利一度停下手裡的絞盤桿,想著跟這麼個「魔鬼領航員」出海多危險——正自我安慰「虔誠的比勒達身上或許有救贖」,屁股冷不防被狠狠踹了一腳,回頭驚見法勒正收回那條腿。這是他「頭一回挨踹」。法勒一路沿絞盤又踹又吼:「跳啊,你這羊腦袋!跳到把脊梁骨跳斷!跳啊,紅鬍子!跳啊,蘇格蘭帽!跳啊,綠褲子!」比勒達卻不動聲色地繼續領唱聖詩。以實瑪利心想:法勒今天準是喝了什麼。
終於起錨、揚帆、滑行出海。這是個短暫而寒冷的聖誕;北地白晝短,一入夜,船已駛入冬日的大洋,冰冷的浪花把全船凍裹成一身亮甲,舷牆上那排鯨牙在月下閃光,船首垂下巨大的彎冰柱,像大象的白牙。瘦長的比勒達領頭值第一班,老船一頭扎進綠浪、寒霜潑灑滿身、風嚎索鳴之際,他穩穩的歌聲傳來:「漲潮彼岸甜美的田野/披著生機盎然的青翠……」——那甜美的詞句,從沒有比此刻更動聽,滿是希望與圓滿;儘管寒夜狂濤、鞋濕衣更濕,以實瑪利彷彿看見前方有許多宜人的港灣、永恆春青的草甸在等著。
終於駛到夠遠的海面,兩位領航員用不著了,隨行的小帆船靠攏過來。離別時刻,比勒達尤其依依不捨:這船載著他幾千血汗錢、由老船友當船長、要去闖兩個風暴角(合恩角、好望角)的兇險長航……他在甲板上焦躁踱步、跑下艙再道一次別、又上來望風、望海、望陸、望桅頂、左顧右盼、看遍一切又什麼也沒看,最後機械地把繩盤好、痙攣似地緊握法勒的手、舉燈凝視他的臉,彷彿說「不管怎樣,法勒老友,我撐得住,是的,我撐得住」。法勒看似豁達些,可燈一近,眼角也閃著淚。終於法勒道:「比勒達——老船友,咱們該走了。」他向全船道別祝福、放話「三年後的今天,我在老南塔克特給你們備好熱騰騰的晚飯」。比勒達則語無倫次地絮叨一長串牽掛:盼天氣好讓亞哈早點能出來走動、別白白撞壞小艇(雪松板一年漲了三成)、別忘禱告、叫桶匠別浪費桶板、補帆針在綠櫃裡、主日別太貪捕但也別錯過好機會、糖蜜桶有點漏、到了海島當心別犯淫亂、地窖那塊乳酪別擱太久會壞、奶油要小心(一磅二十分錢)……「行了行了,比勒達船長,別嘮叨了——走吧!」法勒催他翻過船舷,兩人落進小艇。
船與艇分開,又濕又冷的夜風從中間吹過,一隻尖叫的海鷗掠過頭頂,兩邊船身狂晃;他們發出三聲沉重的歡呼,便「像命運一般、盲然地」一頭扎進孤寂的大西洋。
重點
- 起錨啟航的喧鬧:法勒又罵又踹催絞盤 vs 比勒達不動聲色唱聖詩——一動一靜的喜劇雙簧。
- 穢歌 vs 聖詩:水手唱下流歌、比勒達領聖詩,三天前的禁令成笑話——虔誠在現實前的無力。
- 比勒達的告別清單:從靈魂禱告一路叨到漏糖蜜桶、二十分錢的奶油——吝嗇與溫情交織的絕妙人物收尾。
- 冬日大洋的冰甲意象:浪花凍裹成亮甲、舷牆鯨牙、巨大冰柱——壯美而肅殺的航程開場。
- 「像命運般盲然扎進大西洋」:全章收於一句宿命式的壯語,正式揭開遠航——也是不歸航程的序幕。
📕 中英對照(逐句)
At length, towards noon, upon the final dismissal of the ship’s riggers, and after the Pequod had been hauled out from the wharf, and after the ever-thoughtful Charity had come off in a whale-boat, with her last gift—a night-cap for Stubb, the second mate, her brother-in-law, and a spare Bible for the steward—after all this, the two Captains, Peleg and Bildad, issued from the cabin, and turning to the chief mate, Peleg said:
終於,將近正午時分,船上的索具工全被遣散,裴廓德號也已被拖離碼頭,連一向體貼的慈善姑媽都坐著一艘捕鯨小艇趕來、送上她最後的禮物——給二副、她妹夫斯塔布的一頂睡帽,和給膳務員的一本備用聖經——這一切之後,法勒和比勒達兩位船長從艙裡出來,法勒轉向大副說道:
“Now, Mr. Starbuck, are you sure everything is right? Captain Ahab is all ready—just spoke to him—nothing more to be got from shore, eh? Well, call all hands, then. Muster ’em aft here—blast ’em!”
「好了,斯塔巴克先生,你確定一切都妥當了嗎?亞哈船長全準備好了——我剛跟他說過話——岸上沒別的東西要拿了吧,嗯?那好,召集全體船員。把他們都集合到後甲板這兒來——該死的!」
“No need of profane words, however great the hurry, Peleg,” said Bildad, “but away with thee, friend Starbuck, and do our bidding.”
「再怎麼趕,也用不著說髒話,法勒,」比勒達說,「不過去吧,斯塔巴克朋友,照我們的吩咐辦。」
How now! Here upon the very point of starting for the voyage, Captain Peleg and Captain Bildad were going it with a high hand on the quarter-deck, just as if they were to be joint-commanders at sea, as well as to all appearances in port.
這是怎麼回事!就在啟航的當口,法勒船長和比勒達船長在後甲板上發號施令、大權獨攬,活像他們不只在港內如此、出了海也要當聯合指揮似的。
And, as for Captain Ahab, no sign of him was yet to be seen; only, they said he was in the cabin.
而說到亞哈船長,至今仍不見他半點影子;只說他在艙裡。
But then, the idea was, that his presence was by no means necessary in getting the ship under weigh, and steering her well out to sea.
不過呢,意思是說,起錨開船、把船平穩駛出外海,根本用不著他在場。
Indeed, as that was not at all his proper business, but the pilot’s; and as he was not yet completely recovered—so they said—therefore, Captain Ahab stayed below.
確實,那本就不是他分內的事,而是領航員的活;加上他還沒完全康復——他們是這麼說的——所以亞哈船長便待在下面。
And all this seemed natural enough; especially as in the merchant service many captains never show themselves on deck for a considerable time after heaving up the anchor, but remain over the cabin table, having a farewell merry-making with their shore friends, before they quit the ship for good with the pilot.
這一切看來也夠自然;尤其在商船上,許多船長起錨之後好一陣子根本不上甲板露面,只守著艙裡的桌子,跟岸上的朋友辦個告別小酌,等之後再跟領航員一起永久離船。
But there was not much chance to think over the matter, for Captain Peleg was now all alive. He seemed to do most of the talking and commanding, and not Bildad.
但也沒多少工夫細想這事,因為法勒船長這會兒生龍活虎。看來說話和發令的大半是他,而不是比勒達。
“Aft here, ye sons of bachelors,” he cried, as the sailors lingered at the main-mast. “Mr. Starbuck, drive ’em aft.”
「都到後頭來,你們這幫單身漢養的,」他朝在主桅邊磨蹭的水手喊道。「斯塔巴克先生,把他們趕到後頭去。」
“Strike the tent there!”—was the next order. As I hinted before, this whalebone marquee was never pitched except in port; and on board the Pequod, for thirty years, the order to strike the tent was well known to be the next thing to heaving up the anchor.
「把那帳篷拆了!」——這是下一道命令。如我先前所暗示的,這座鯨骨大棚只在港內才搭;而在裴廓德號上,三十年來人人都知道:「拆帳篷」這道令,緊接著就是起錨。
“Man the capstan! Blood and thunder!—jump!”—was the next command, and the crew sprang for the handspikes.
「上絞盤!轟雷閃電的——跳起來幹!」——這是下一道令,於是船員們撲向那些絞盤桿。
Now in getting under weigh, the station generally occupied by the pilot is the forward part of the ship.
卻說起錨開船時,領航員通常待的位置是船的前部。
And here Bildad, who, with Peleg, be it known, in addition to his other officers, was one of the licensed pilots of the port—he being suspected to have got himself made a pilot in order to save the Nantucket pilot-fee to all the ships he was concerned in, for he never piloted any other craft—Bildad, I say, might now be seen actively engaged in looking over the bows for the approaching anchor, and at intervals singing what seemed a dismal stave of psalmody, to cheer the hands at the windlass, who roared forth some sort of a chorus about the girls in Booble Alley, with hearty good will.
而此處的比勒達——須知他和法勒一樣,除了別的職務,還是港口持照的領航員之一;有人懷疑他考領航執照,是為了給他有份的所有船省下南塔克特的領航費,因為他從不替任何別的船領航——我是說,這會兒只見比勒達正忙著從船頭探看那漸漸升起的錨,還不時哼唱起一段彷彿陰鬱的聖詩,給絞盤旁的水手打氣;那些水手卻興高采烈地對唱起某支關於「布柏巷姑娘」的合唱來。
Nevertheless, not three days previous, Bildad had told them that no profane songs would be allowed on board the Pequod, particularly in getting under weigh; and Charity, his sister, had placed a small choice copy of Watts in each seaman’s berth.
然而,還不到三天前,比勒達才告誡過他們:裴廓德號上不准唱穢歌,起錨時尤其不准;而他姊姊慈善,還在每個水手的鋪位上放了一本精選的瓦茨聖詩小集。
Meantime, overseeing the other part of the ship, Captain Peleg ripped and swore astern in the most frightful manner.
與此同時,在船的另一頭督陣的法勒船長,在船尾用最嚇人的架勢又咒又罵。
I almost thought he would sink the ship before the anchor could be got up; involuntarily I paused on my handspike, and told Queequeg to do the same, thinking of the perils we both ran, in starting on the voyage with such a devil for a pilot.
我幾乎以為錨還沒起,他就要先把船弄沉了;我不由自主地停下手裡的絞盤桿,也叫魁魁格停手,心想我倆跟這麼個魔鬼當領航員出海,要冒多大的險。
I was comforting myself, however, with the thought that in pious Bildad might be found some salvation, spite of his seven hundred and seventy-seventh lay; when I felt a sudden sharp poke in my rear, and turning round, was horrified at the apparition of Captain Peleg in the act of withdrawing his leg from my immediate vicinity. That was my first kick.
不過我正這麼自我安慰著——想著虔誠的比勒達身上或許找得到幾分救贖,儘管他開的是那「第七百七十七股」——這時我屁股冷不防被狠狠戳了一下,回頭一看,赫然見法勒船長正把他那條腿從我身邊收回去,把我嚇了一跳。那是我頭一回挨踹。
“Is that the way they heave in the marchant service?” he roared. “Spring, thou sheep-head; spring, and break thy backbone! Why don’t ye spring, I say, all of ye—spring! Quohog! spring, thou chap with the red whiskers; spring there, Scotch-cap; spring, thou green pants. Spring, I say, all of ye, and spring your eyes out!” And so saying, he moved along the windlass, here and there using his leg very freely, while imperturbable Bildad kept leading off with his psalmody. Thinks I, Captain Peleg must have been drinking something to-day.
「商船上就是這麼起錨的嗎?」他吼道。「跳啊,你這羊腦袋;跳啊,跳到把你的脊梁骨跳斷!我說,你們怎麼不跳哪——跳!Quohog!跳啊,你這紅鬍子的傢伙;跳啊,那邊的蘇格蘭帽;跳啊,你這綠褲子。我說,你們全給我跳,跳到把眼珠子都跳出來!」說著,他沿絞盤一路走,東一腳西一腳地把那條腿使得很順手,而不動聲色的比勒達則只管領唱他的聖詩。我心想:法勒船長今天準是喝了什麼。
At last the anchor was up, the sails were set, and off we glided. It was a short, cold Christmas; and as the short northern day merged into night, we found ourselves almost broad upon the wintry ocean, whose freezing spray cased us in ice, as in polished armor. The long rows of teeth on the bulwarks glistened in the moonlight; and like the white ivory tusks of some huge elephant, vast curving icicles depended from the bows.
終於錨起了、帆張了,我們滑行出海。這是個短暫而寒冷的聖誕;北地短短的白晝沒入夜色時,我們已差不多置身於冬日的大洋之上,那冰冷的浪花把我們凍裹成一身冰,像裹著一副磨亮的鎧甲。舷牆上那一長排鯨牙在月光下閃閃發亮;船首則垂下一根根巨大彎曲的冰柱,像某頭龐大象牙般的白牙。
Lank Bildad, as pilot, headed the first watch, and ever and anon, as the old craft deep dived into the green seas, and sent the shivering frost all over her, and the winds howled, and the cordage rang, his steady notes were heard,—
瘦長的比勒達身為領航員,領頭值第一班;每隔一陣,當這老船深深扎進綠色的海濤、把顫慄的寒霜潑灑滿身、狂風嚎叫、索具錚鳴之際,便聽得見他那穩穩的歌聲,——
“Sweet fields beyond the swelling flood, Stand dressed in living green. So to the Jews old Canaan stood, While Jordan rolled between.”
「漲潮彼岸甜美的田野,/披著生機盎然的青翠。/昔日迦南於猶太人正如此屹立,/其間有約旦河滾滾相隔。」
Never did those sweet words sound more sweetly to me than then. They were full of hope and fruition. Spite of this frigid winter night in the boisterous Atlantic, spite of my wet feet and wetter jacket, there was yet, it then seemed to me, many a pleasant haven in store; and meads and glades so eternally vernal, that the grass shot up by the spring, untrodden, unwilted, remains at midsummer.
那甜美的詞句,從沒有哪一刻比此時聽來更甜美。它們滿是希望與圓滿。儘管身處狂暴大西洋上這冰冷的冬夜、儘管我的腳濕了、外套更濕,可那時在我看來,前方仍有許多宜人的港灣等著;還有那永恆春青的草甸與林間空地,春天抽出的青草,無人踐踏、不曾枯萎,直到仲夏依舊。
At last we gained such an offing, that the two pilots were needed no longer. The stout sail-boat that had accompanied us began ranging alongside.
終於我們駛到了夠遠的海面,兩位領航員再也用不著了。一路隨行的那艘結實小帆船,開始靠攏到船邊來。
It was curious and not unpleasing, how Peleg and Bildad were affected at this juncture, especially Captain Bildad.
這當口,法勒和比勒達——尤其是比勒達船長——那副動容的模樣,既古怪又叫人不討厭。
For loath to depart, yet; very loath to leave, for good, a ship bound on so long and perilous a voyage—beyond both stormy Capes; a ship in which some thousands of his hard earned dollars were invested; a ship, in which an old shipmate sailed as captain; a man almost as old as he, once more starting to encounter all the terrors of the pitiless jaw; loath to say good-bye to a thing so every way brimful of every interest to him,—poor old Bildad lingered long; paced the deck with anxious strides; ran down into the cabin to speak another farewell word there; again came on deck, and looked to windward; looked towards the wide and endless waters, only bounded by the far-off unseen Eastern Continents; looked towards the land; looked aloft; looked right and left; looked everywhere and nowhere; and at last, mechanically coiling a rope upon its pin, convulsively grasped stout Peleg by the hand, and holding up a lantern, for a moment stood gazing heroically in his face, as much as to say, “Nevertheless, friend Peleg, I can stand it; yes, I can.”
因為他還捨不得走;極捨不得就此永遠離開這樣一艘船——一艘要去闖過兩個風暴角、踏上如此漫長兇險航程的船;一艘投入了他幾千血汗錢的船;一艘由老船友當船長的船——那人年紀幾乎跟他一樣大,如今又一次出發去迎戰那無情巨顎的種種恐怖;捨不得跟一件對他來說處處牽腸掛肚的東西道別,——可憐的老比勒達流連了好久;焦躁地大步在甲板上踱來踱去;跑下艙去再道一句別;又回到甲板,望向上風處;望向那除了遠方看不見的東方大陸別無邊際的茫茫海水;望向陸地;望向桅頂;左顧右盼;看遍每一處、又什麼也沒看;最後,他機械地把一根繩子盤繞在繫栓上,痙攣似地一把握住壯實的法勒的手,舉起一盞燈,凝視著他的臉片刻,那神情彷彿在說:「不管怎樣,法勒老友,我撐得住;是的,我撐得住。」
As for Peleg himself, he took it more like a philosopher; but for all his philosophy, there was a tear twinkling in his eye, when the lantern came too near. And he, too, did not a little run from cabin to deck—now a word below, and now a word with Starbuck, the chief mate.
至於法勒本人,他倒看得豁達些,像個哲學家;可儘管他那麼豁達,當燈太靠近時,他眼裡仍有一滴淚在閃。而他也沒少在艙與甲板之間來回跑——一會兒下去說句話,一會兒又跟大副斯塔巴克交代兩句。
But, at last, he turned to his comrade, with a final sort of look about him,—“Captain Bildad—come, old shipmate, we must go. Back the main-yard there! Boat ahoy! Stand by to come close alongside, now! Careful, careful!—come, Bildad, boy—say your last. Luck to ye, Starbuck—luck to ye, Mr. Stubb—luck to ye, Mr. Flask—good-bye and good luck to ye all—and this day three years I’ll have a hot supper smoking for ye in old Nantucket. Hurrah and away!”
但最後,他帶著一種訣別的神情轉向同伴,——「比勒達船長——來吧,老船友,我們得走了。把主桅桁掉轉過來!小艇喂——!準備靠攏過來,就現在!小心,小心!——來吧,比勒達老弟——把最後的話說了。祝你好運,斯塔巴克——祝你好運,斯塔布先生——祝你好運,弗拉斯克先生——再會了,祝你們大家好運——三年後的今天,我在老南塔克特給你們備好一頓熱氣騰騰的晚飯。歡呼一聲,開船!」
“God bless ye, and have ye in His holy keeping, men,” murmured old Bildad, almost incoherently. “I hope ye’ll have fine weather now, so that Captain Ahab may soon be moving among ye—a pleasant sun is all he needs, and ye’ll have plenty of them in the tropic voyage ye go. Be careful in the hunt, ye mates. Don’t stave the boats needlessly, ye harpooneers; good white cedar plank is raised full three per cent. within the year. Don’t forget your prayers, either. Mr. Starbuck, mind that cooper don’t waste the spare staves. Oh! the sail-needles are in the green locker! Don’t whale it too much a’ Lord’s days, men; but don’t miss a fair chance either, that’s rejecting Heaven’s good gifts. Have an eye to the molasses tierce, Mr. Stubb; it was a little leaky, I thought. If ye touch at the islands, Mr. Flask, beware of fornication. Good-bye, good-bye! Don’t keep that cheese too long down in the hold, Mr. Starbuck; it’ll spoil. Be careful with the butter—twenty cents the pound it was, and mind ye, if—”
「願上帝祝福你們、把你們護在祂神聖的看顧裡,弟兄們,」老比勒達喃喃地說,幾乎語無倫次。「我盼你們這就遇上好天氣,好讓亞哈船長能早點在你們中間走動——他只需要一輪和煦的太陽,而你們這趟熱帶航程裡,太陽多的是。捕獵時當心,各位船副。別沒事就撞壞小艇,各位魚叉手;好的白雪松板,一年裡漲了足足三成呢。也別忘了禱告。斯塔巴克先生,看著那桶匠別浪費了備用的桶板。噢!補帆針在綠櫃子裡!主日別捕得太兇,弟兄們;可也別錯過好機會,那等於是拒絕上天的恩賜。盯著那桶糖蜜,斯塔布先生;我看它有點漏。要是你們在海島靠岸,弗拉斯克先生,當心別犯淫亂。再會,再會!那塊乳酪別在艙底擱太久,斯塔巴克先生;會壞的。奶油要當心——那可是一磅二十分錢,記著,要是——」
“Come, come, Captain Bildad; stop palavering,—away!” and with that, Peleg hurried him over the side, and both dropt into the boat.
「行了,行了,比勒達船長;別嘮叨了——走吧!」說著,法勒急忙催他翻過船舷,兩人一齊落進了小艇。
Ship and boat diverged; the cold, damp night breeze blew between; a screaming gull flew overhead; the two hulls wildly rolled; we gave three heavy-hearted cheers, and blindly plunged like fate into the lone Atlantic.
船與艇漸漸分開;又冷又濕的夜風從中間吹過;一隻尖叫的海鷗從頭頂掠過;兩邊船身狂亂地搖晃;我們發出三聲沉重的歡呼,便像命運一般、盲然地一頭扎進了那孤寂的大西洋。
📚 艱深單字/片語/句型(20)
1musterKK [ˈmʌstɚ](v.)召集、集合(人員);鼓起(勇氣)|(n.)集合、點名
- 詞義:本章 Muster 'em aft「把他們集合到後甲板」——召集(尤指軍隊/船員)整隊。引申「鼓起(勇氣/力量)」(muster up courage)。
- 例句:The troops were mustered at dawn.(部隊拂曉集合。)/ She mustered the courage to speak.(她鼓起勇氣開口。)/ pass muster(通過檢驗、合格)。
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁 monstrare「展示」。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆(muster up、pass muster 常見)。
- 同義詞常用度:assemble(80%)| gather(85%)| rally(60%,召集/振奮)| summon(65%,鼓起/召喚)。
- 詞性變化:動詞時態:muster-mustered-mustered。片語 pass muster(達標)。
2profaneKK [prəˈfen](adj.)褻瀆的;污穢的;世俗的|(v.)褻瀆
- 詞義:本章 profane words / profane songs「髒話/穢歌」——不敬神、粗鄙、褻瀆神聖的。亦指「世俗的」(與 sacred 神聖相對)。
- 例句:profane language(粗話)/ to profane a holy place(褻瀆聖地)/ sacred and profane art(神聖與世俗藝術)。
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁 profanus「神殿之外的」(pro-前 + fanum 神殿)。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆。
- 同義詞常用度:blasphemous(55%,褻瀆神的)| vulgar(70%,粗俗)| obscene(65%,淫穢)| secular(60%,世俗的,中性)。
- 詞性變化:profanity(n. 髒話/褻瀆)/ profanely(adv.)。動詞時態:profane-profaned-profaned。
3capstanKK [ˈkæpstən](n.)(航海)絞盤、起錨絞車(直立鼓狀,水手推桿轉動)
- 詞義:本章 Man the capstan「上絞盤」——甲板上的直立絞車,水手插桿繞圈推動以起錨、收纜。
- 例句:The sailors heaved at the capstan to raise the anchor.(水手推著絞盤起錨。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:古普羅旺斯語 cabestan。日常實用度 ★☆☆☆☆(航海專詞)。
- 同義詞常用度:windlass(60%,臥式絞車,近義)| winch(70%,絞車)| capstan(本詞,特指直立式)。
- 詞性變化:無。對應 handspike(推絞盤的木桿)、windlass(見下)。
4windlassKK [ˈwɪndləs](n.)(航海)臥式絞車、起錨機(橫軸繞纜)
- 詞義:本章 the hands at the windlass「絞盤旁的水手」——橫臥的繞纜絞車(與直立的 capstan 同功能、軸向不同)。
- 例句:They cranked the windlass to haul up the bucket.(他們搖動絞車把桶吊上來。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:古北歐語 vindáss「繞繩軸」。日常實用度 ★☆☆☆☆(航海/井水專詞)。
- 同義詞常用度:winch(75%)| capstan(55%,直立式)| hoist(60%,吊升裝置)。
- 詞性變化:無。
5psalmodyKK [ˈsɑmədɪ](n.)聖詩吟唱;讚美詩的詠唱(p 不發音)
- 詞義:本章 a dismal stave of psalmody「一段陰鬱的聖詩」——詩篇/讚美詩的唱誦。注意拼讀:p 不發音。
- 例句:The congregation joined in psalmody.(會眾一齊吟唱聖詩。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:希臘 psalmōidia「彈唱聖詩」。日常實用度 ★☆☆☆☆(宗教音樂專詞)。
- 同義詞常用度:hymn-singing(60%)| chanting(65%)| psalm(55%,詩篇)。
- 詞性變化:psalm(n. 詩篇,p 不發音 [sɑm])/ psalmist(n. 聖詩作者)/ psalter(n. 詩篇集)。
6marqueeKK [mɑrˈki](n.)大帳篷;(美)戲院門口的遮篷招牌
- 詞義:本章 this whalebone marquee「這座鯨骨大棚」指法勒的棚屋。marquee 指大型帳篷(英式宴會帳篷),或戲院/旅館門口突出的遮篷招牌(美式,常掛片名/字幕)。
- 例句:The wedding was held in a marquee.(婚禮在大帳篷裡舉行。)/ the cinema marquee(戲院門口的遮篷招牌)/ a marquee player(招牌/明星球員)。
- 詞源 × 實用度:源自法語 marquise(侯爵夫人帳篷)。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆(marquee 形容「招牌級、頭牌」現代常見)。
- 同義詞常用度:tent(90%)| canopy(70%,遮篷)| pavilion(55%,亭/大帳)| awning(60%,遮陽篷)。
- 詞性變化:marquee 作形容詞=「頭牌的、最受矚目的」(marquee name)。
7imperturbableKK [ˌɪmpɚˈtɝbəbl̩](adj.)沉著的;不慌不忙的;泰然自若的
- 詞義:本章 imperturbable Bildad「不動聲色的比勒達」——無論周遭多亂,都鎮定不被擾動。
- 例句:She remained imperturbable under fire.(炮火下她仍泰然自若。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:im-(不)+ perturb(擾亂)+ -able。日常實用度 ★★☆☆☆(褒義書面)。
- 同義詞常用度:unflappable(55%,口語)| composed(75%)| unruffled(45%)| serene(60%,安詳)。
- 詞性變化:perturb(v. 擾亂)/ perturbation(n. 動亂/擾動)/ imperturbably(adv.)。
8apparitionKK [ˌæpəˈrɪʃən](n.)幽靈、鬼影;(突然的)顯現、奇異景象
- 詞義:本章 the apparition of Captain Peleg「赫然出現的法勒船長」——突如其來、令人一驚的「現身」(半戲謔地把法勒比作鬼影)。本義「鬼魂、幻影」。
- 例句:She saw an apparition in the hallway.(她在走廊看見一個鬼影。)/ his sudden apparition at the door(他突然現身門口)。
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁 apparere「顯現」。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆。
- 同義詞常用度:ghost(85%)| phantom(60%)| specter(50%,幽靈)| vision(55%,幻象)。
- 詞性變化:appear(v. 出現)/ apparent(adj. 顯而易見的,同源)。
9loathKK [loθ](adj.)不情願的;勉強的(注意:與動詞 loathe「厭惡」不同)
- 詞義:本章 loath to depart「捨不得走、不情願離開」——常見句式 be loath to do sth「不願做某事」。注意拼寫/詞性:loath(adj. 不願)vs loathe(v. 厭惡,發音 [loð])。
- 例句:I was loath to admit it.(我不願承認這點。)/ She was loath to leave.(她捨不得走。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:古英語 lāth「可恨的、不願的」。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆(be loath to 書面常見)。
- 同義詞常用度:reluctant(85%)| unwilling(80%)| averse(55%,反感的)| disinclined(45%)。
- 詞性變化:loathe(v. 厭惡,易混)/ loathing(n. 厭惡)/ loathsome(adj. 令人厭惡的)。
10junctureKK [ˈdʒʌŋktʃɚ](n.)(重要的)時刻、關頭;接合處
- 詞義:本章 at this juncture「在這當口/這個節骨眼」——指關鍵的時間點。亦指「接合處、連接點」。
- 例句:At this critical juncture, he resigned.(在這緊要關頭,他辭職了。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁 jungere「連接」(同源 junction、join)。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆(at this juncture 正式常用)。
- 同義詞常用度:point(85%)| moment(85%)| stage(75%)| crossroads(50%,十字路口/抉擇關頭)。
- 詞性變化:junction(n. 交匯處)/ juncture 與 join 同源。
11convulsivelyKK [kənˈvʌlsɪvlɪ](adv.)痙攣似地;抽搐地;猛烈而不由自主地
- 詞義:本章 convulsively grasped... by the hand「痙攣似地一把握住手」——動作猛烈、抽搐般難以自控(情緒激動所致)。
- 例句:He sobbed convulsively.(他抽噎得渾身發抖。)/ She gripped my arm convulsively.(她痙攣般地緊抓我的手臂。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁 convellere「猛拉、扯動」。日常實用度 ★★☆☆☆。
- 同義詞常用度:spasmodically(45%,間歇抽搐)| violently(75%)| uncontrollably(70%)| jerkily(50%,急動地)。
- 詞性變化:convulse(v. 使抽搐/使大笑)/ convulsion(n. 痙攣/抽搐)/ convulsive(adj.)。
12incoherentlyKK [ˌɪnkoˈhɪrəntlɪ](adv.)語無倫次地;不連貫地
- 詞義:本章 murmured... almost incoherently「幾乎語無倫次地喃喃」——說話前言不搭後語、思緒紊亂(比勒達的絮叨告別)。
- 例句:He was so drunk he spoke incoherently.(他醉得語無倫次。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:in-(不)+ cohere(連貫)。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆。
- 同義詞常用度:disjointedly(45%)| ramblingly(40%)| confusedly(55%)| unintelligibly(50%,難以聽懂地)。
- 詞性變化:cohere(v. 連貫/凝聚)/ coherent(adj. 連貫的)/ incoherence(n.)。
13cooperKK [ˈkupɚ](n.)箍桶匠;製桶工|(v.)製/修桶
- 詞義:本章 mind that cooper don't waste the spare staves「看著那桶匠別浪費備用桶板」——做木桶的工匠(捕鯨船上要靠桶裝鯨油,桶匠是重要工種)。
- 例句:The cooper repaired the leaky barrel.(桶匠修好了漏水的桶。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:中古荷蘭語 cuper(cup 桶)。日常實用度 ★☆☆☆☆(古職業詞;今多見於姓氏 Cooper)。
- 同義詞常用度:barrel-maker(70%)| cask-maker(50%)。
- 詞性變化:cooperage(n. 製桶業/桶廠)。注意:與 cooperate「合作」無關(後者 co-operate)。
14fornicationKK [ˌfɔrnɪˈkeʃən](n.)(聖經/正式)私通;婚外性行為;淫亂
- 詞義:本章 beware of fornication「當心別犯淫亂」——指(尤指未婚者的)非法/不道德性行為,宗教/法律語境用詞(比勒達的清教式叮囑)。
- 例句:The sermon condemned fornication.(那篇講道譴責淫亂。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁 fornix「拱頂地窖」(古羅馬妓女在拱頂下拉客)。日常實用度 ★★☆☆☆(宗教/法律/古語)。
- 同義詞常用度:adultery(70%,通姦,特指已婚)| infidelity(65%,不忠)| promiscuity(50%,淫亂)。
- 詞性變化:fornicate(v.)/ fornicator(n.)。
15palaverKK [pəˈlævɚ](n.)(冗長的)閒扯、廢話;繁文縟節|(v.)絮叨
- 詞義:本章 stop palavering「別嘮叨了」——冗長無謂的閒談、囉嗦(法勒嫌比勒達絮叨)。亦指「麻煩的繁瑣手續」(英式 a lot of palaver)。
- 例句:Enough palaver—let's get to work.(少廢話——開始幹活吧。)/ What a palaver to get a visa!(辦個簽證真是一堆麻煩!)
- 詞源 × 實用度:葡萄牙語 palavra「話語」(經西非貿易傳入水手語)。日常實用度 ★★☆☆☆(英式口語生動)。
- 同義詞常用度:chatter(70%)| fuss(65%,小題大作)| rigmarole(40%,繁瑣手續)| to-do(45%,騷動)。
- 詞性變化:動詞時態:palaver-palavered-palavered。
16vernalKK [ˈvɝnl̩](adj.)春天的;春季的;(喻)青春的、生機的
- 詞義:本章 eternally vernal「永恆春青的」——屬於春天、如春般生機盎然。vernal equinox=「春分」。
- 例句:vernal flowers(春日的花)/ the vernal equinox(春分)/ vernal freshness(青春般的清新)。
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁 vernalis(ver 春)。日常實用度 ★★☆☆☆(文雅;vernal equinox 常見)。
- 同義詞常用度:spring(90%)| springlike(55%)| youthful(65%,青春的)| fresh(80%)。
- 詞性變化:對應 autumnal(秋)、estival/aestival(夏)、hibernal(冬)。
17fruitionKK [fruˈɪʃən](n.)(計畫/希望的)實現、成就;結果、圓滿
- 詞義:本章 full of hope and fruition「滿是希望與圓滿」——願望、努力終於開花結果。常見 come to fruition「實現、達成」。
- 例句:Years of work finally came to fruition.(多年的努力終於開花結果。)
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁 frui「享用」(後與 fruit「果實」聯想)。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆(come to fruition 商務/正式常見)。
- 同義詞常用度:realization(70%)| fulfillment(75%)| achievement(70%)| culmination(50%,頂點)。
- 詞性變化:fruitful(adj. 多產的/富成效的)/ fruitless(adj. 徒勞的)。
18boisterousKK [ˈbɔɪstərəs](adj.)(風浪)狂暴的;(人/場面)喧鬧的、活躍的
- 詞義:本章 the boisterous Atlantic「狂暴的大西洋」用「(自然)猛烈狂暴」義。更常用於「人聲鼎沸、喧鬧活潑」(a boisterous crowd)。
- 例句:boisterous waves(洶湧的浪)/ a boisterous party(一場喧鬧的派對)/ boisterous children(活蹦亂跳的孩子)。
- 詞源 × 實用度:中古英語 boistous「粗野的」。日常實用度 ★★★☆☆(「喧鬧」義常用)。
- 同義詞常用度:rowdy(70%,吵鬧的)| rough(80%,狂暴的)| turbulent(60%,洶湧的)| tumultuous(50%,喧囂的)。
- 詞性變化:boisterously(adv.)/ boisterousness(n.)。
19lankKK [læŋk](adj.)(人)瘦長的;(頭髮)平直無光澤的
- 詞義:本章 Lank Bildad「瘦長的比勒達」——又瘦又高。另常形容頭髮「直塌無光」(lank hair)。
- 例句:a lank, stooping figure(一個瘦長佝僂的身影)/ lank greasy hair(油膩塌直的頭髮)。
- 詞源 × 實用度:古英語 hlanc「鬆弛、瘦」。日常實用度 ★★☆☆☆(lanky 更常用)。
- 同義詞常用度:lanky(70%,瘦長的,更常用)| gaunt(60%,憔悴瘦削)| scrawny(55%,瘦弱)| spindly(45%,細長)。
- 詞性變化:lanky(adj. 瘦長的)/ lankness(n.)。
20片語get under weigh / heave up the anchor(起錨;啟航)
- get under weigh(亦作 under way):船起錨開始航行、「啟航」。本章 getting under weigh 反覆出現。注意:melville 時代常拼 weigh(與 weigh anchor「起錨」聯想),現代標準拼 under way。
- 例句:The ship got under way at dawn.(船在拂曉啟航。)/ The project is now under way.(專案現已展開。)
- heave up the anchor / weigh anchor:「起錨」——把錨絞起準備開船。heave=用力拉/舉(heave-hove-hove)。
- 例句:They weighed anchor and set sail.(他們起錨揚帆。)
- strike the tent:「拆帳篷」——本章作起錨的前奏訊號(船上慣例)。strike 在航海/劇場語=「拆除、降下」(strike the sails 收帆、strike the set 拆布景)。
- 實用度:under way ★★★★☆(「(事情)進行中」義極高頻);weigh anchor ★★☆☆☆(航海,但比喻「啟程」常見)。
- 同義詞常用度:set sail(80%)| cast off(60%,解纜開船)| embark(70%,啟程)| (進行中義)in progress(85%)。