第 12 章 · 14 / 138

身世

CHAPTER 12. Biographical

魁魁格的來歷:一位想去基督教世界取經、造福族人的島國王子,卻看穿了「文明」的偽善——「我要做個異教徒死去。」

🏛️ 典故與文化背景

「真正的地方從不在地圖上(true places never are)」

全書最常被引用的金句之一。羅科沃科(Rokovoko)是梅爾維爾虛構的南太平洋島。這句話一語雙關:既說魁魁格的家鄉是個地圖外的化外之地,也宣示本書的地理是「象徵性/神話性」的——真正重要的地方(精神的原鄉、人性的真實)無法被測繪定位。

「海上的威爾斯親王(sea Prince of Wales)」

威爾斯親王是英國王儲的封號。魁魁格是島國王子,作者戲稱他為「海上的威爾斯親王」——以英國王室頭銜套在「食人族王子」身上,既抬舉他、又帶幽默的文化錯位,延續全書抬高「野蠻人」尊嚴的筆法。

彼得沙皇在外國船廠當苦工(Czar Peter … toil in the shipyards)

俄國彼得大帝(Peter the Great)曾化名隱身、親赴荷蘭與英國的造船廠當學徒做苦工,學習西方造船與技術以改革俄國。梅爾維爾用這典故類比魁魁格「甘居低位、忍辱取經以造福族人」的胸懷——把島國王子與一代雄主並列。

「我要做個異教徒死去(I’ll die a pagan)」與對文明的幻滅

本章的思想核心。魁魁格本想去基督教世界學「更良善」的本領,卻見識到基督徒「既悲慘又邪惡,遠勝異教徒」,於是死心。這是梅爾維爾對「文明 vs 野蠻」最直白的反諷——所謂文明開化者,未必比「野蠻人」更有德。呼應第 3 章「寧跟清醒食人族、不跟醉基督徒」。

怕被基督教「玷污」得不配繼位(unfitted … the pure and undefiled throne)

魁魁格不急著回去加冕,因怕「基督徒已把他玷污」、不配登上三十代純潔異教先王的王座——這個反轉極具諷刺:通常是「文明」嫌「異教」不潔,這裡卻是異教王座嫌「沾了基督教」的人不潔。要「重新受洗(baptized again)」才敢回去——把基督教的「受洗潔淨」概念顛倒過來用。

魚叉代替權杖(barbed iron in lieu of a sceptre)

王子淪為魚叉手,權杖換成了帶倒鉤的捕鯨叉——一個精煉的意象,濃縮了魁魁格「放下王位、投身捕鯨」的身世,也預示魚叉手在全書(尤其後半獵鯨)中的關鍵角色。

「兩個世界的百家飯(the Potluck of both worlds)」

魁魁格要與以實瑪利共擔一切際遇、「大膽舀取兩個世界的百家飯」。potluck 原指「有什麼吃什麼的湊份餐」,引申「碰運氣、聽天由命」。「兩個世界」可解作生與死、此岸與彼岸、文明與野蠻——點出兩人即將共赴的捕鯨航程是一場吉凶未卜的命運共同體。

📖 導讀

魁魁格是「羅科沃科(Rokovoko)」島人——一座「任何地圖上都查不到」的島(梅爾維爾名句:「真正的地方從不在地圖上」)。他是高酋長(國王)之子、大祭司的姪兒,血統高貴。少年時他便渴望見識比偶爾來訪的捕鯨船更廣的「基督教世界」。一艘薩格港的船來到他父親的海灣,他求搭船被拒;他不死心,獨自划獨木舟埋伏在船必經的海峽紅樹林裡,趁船駛過時飛身躍上、一腳踹沉自己的獨木舟、攀上鐵鏈、撲到甲板抓住一個環栓,發誓「就算被剁成碎片也不鬆手」。船長被他這股孤注一擲的無畏震住,終於收留了他。

他甘做最低的水手(像彼得大帝甘在外國船廠當苦工),只為學成「能讓族人更幸福、更良善」的本領回去。但他很快發現:基督徒也能既悲慘又邪惡,甚至遠勝他父親治下的「異教徒」。從薩格港到南塔克特,看盡水手如何揮霍胡來,魁魁格徹底失望——「四面八方都是個邪惡的世界;我要做個異教徒死去。」於是他成了「心裡的老拜偶像者」,穿基督徒的衣、學他們的「鳥語」。他暫不回去加冕(怕基督教把他「玷污」得不配登上三十代純潔異教先王的王座),打算先在四大洋「播他的野麥(放浪一番)」——魚叉如今就是他的權杖。最後,得知以實瑪利也要從南塔克特出海捕鯨,他當即決定同船、同班、同艇、同桌,分享彼此的一切命運。兩人額頭相抵,吹燈睡去。

重點

  • 「真正的地方從不在地圖上」:羅科沃科是虛構之島——點出本書的象徵性/神話性地理。
  • 王子偷渡記:埋伏海峽、躍船、踹沉獨木舟、抓環栓死不放——寫盡魁魁格的孤勇。
  • 取經的初衷:想學基督教世界的本領,回去讓族人「更幸福、更良善」——高貴的理想。
  • 對「文明」的幻滅:見識基督徒的邪惡後,「我要做個異教徒死去」——全書對文明偽善的核心控訴。
  • 結為同袍:決意與以實瑪利同船同命——友誼正式締結,啟程在即。

📕 中英對照(逐句)

¶ 1

Queequeg was a native of Rokovoko, an island far away to the West and South.

魁魁格是羅科沃科人——那是一座遠在西方、南方的島。

It is not down in any map; true places never are.

它沒標在任何一張地圖上;真正的地方從來都不在地圖上。

¶ 2

When a new-hatched savage running wild about his native woodlands in a grass clout, followed by the nibbling goats, as if he were a green sapling; even then, in Queequeg’s ambitious soul, lurked a strong desire to see something more of Christendom than a specimen whaler or two.

當他還是個剛出世的「小野人」、圍著一塊草織的腰布、在故鄉的林野間野跑,身後跟著一群啃草的山羊,彷彿他是一株青嫩的樹苗時——即便在那時,魁魁格那雄心勃勃的靈魂裡,便潛藏著一股強烈的渴望:想見識「基督教世界」更多的東西,而不只是一兩艘充作樣本的捕鯨船。

His father was a High Chief, a King; his uncle a High Priest; and on the maternal side he boasted aunts who were the wives of unconquerable warriors.

他父親是高酋長、是一位國王;叔伯是大祭司;母系那邊,他還誇耀有幾位姑姨是不可征服的勇士之妻。

There was excellent blood in his veins—royal stuff; though sadly vitiated, I fear, by the cannibal propensity he nourished in his untutored youth.

他血管裡流著極好的血——王室的血脈;只是我恐怕,這血被他未受教化的少年時期所滋養的食人習性,可惜地敗壞了幾分。

¶ 3

A Sag Harbor ship visited his father’s bay, and Queequeg sought a passage to Christian lands.

一艘薩格港的船造訪了他父親的海灣,魁魁格便想搭船去基督教的國度。

But the ship, having her full complement of seamen, spurned his suit; and not all the King his father’s influence could prevail.

但那船水手已滿員,回絕了他的請求;連他父王的全部影響力也無濟於事。

But Queequeg vowed a vow.

但魁魁格暗暗發了一個誓。

Alone in his canoe, he paddled off to a distant strait, which he knew the ship must pass through when she quitted the island.

他獨自坐進獨木舟,划向遠處一道海峽——他知道那船離島時必會穿過那兒。

On one side was a coral reef; on the other a low tongue of land, covered with mangrove thickets that grew out into the water.

海峽一側是珊瑚礁;另一側是一道低伸的陸舌,上頭長滿了一直延伸到水裡的紅樹林叢。

Hiding his canoe, still afloat, among these thickets, with its prow seaward, he sat down in the stern, paddle low in hand; and when the ship was gliding by, like a flash he darted out; gained her side; with one backward dash of his foot capsized and sank his canoe; climbed up the chains; and throwing himself at full length upon the deck, grappled a ring-bolt there, and swore not to let it go, though hacked in pieces.

他把獨木舟藏進這些樹叢裡、讓它仍浮在水上、舟首朝海,自己坐在船尾,槳低低握在手中;待那船滑過時,他像一道閃電般竄了出去;貼上船舷;一腳向後一蹬,把自己的獨木舟踹翻、踹沉;攀上鐵鏈;整個人撲倒在甲板上,一把抓住那兒的一個環栓,發誓死也不鬆手,哪怕被剁成碎片。

¶ 4

In vain the captain threatened to throw him overboard; suspended a cutlass over his naked wrists; Queequeg was the son of a King, and Queequeg budged not.

船長威脅要把他扔下海,把一把短彎刀懸在他赤裸的手腕上方——全是徒勞;魁魁格是國王的兒子,魁魁格紋絲不動。

Struck by his desperate dauntlessness, and his wild desire to visit Christendom, the captain at last relented, and told him he might make himself at home.

被他這股孤注一擲的無畏、以及他想見識基督教世界的狂熱所震動,船長終於心軟讓步,告訴他可以把這兒當自己家。

But this fine young savage—this sea Prince of Wales, never saw the Captain’s cabin.

但這位出色的年輕野人——這位「海上的威爾斯親王」——卻從沒進過船長的艙房。

They put him down among the sailors, and made a whaleman of him.

他們把他安置在水手中間,把他訓練成了一個捕鯨人。

But like Czar Peter content to toil in the shipyards of foreign cities, Queequeg disdained no seeming ignominy, if thereby he might happily gain the power of enlightening his untutored countrymen.

但就像彼得沙皇甘願在外國城市的船廠裡當苦工,魁魁格只要能藉此欣然獲得開化他那些未受教育的同胞的本領,便不嫌棄任何表面上的屈辱。

For at bottom—so he told me—he was actuated by a profound desire to learn among the Christians, the arts whereby to make his people still happier than they were; and more than that, still better than they were.

因為說到底——他告訴我——他是被一股深切的渴望所驅使:要在基督徒中間,學會那些能讓他的族人比現在更幸福、甚而比現在更良善的本領。

But, alas! the practices of whalemen soon convinced him that even Christians could be both miserable and wicked; infinitely more so, than all his father’s heathens.

但是,唉!捕鯨人的所作所為,很快就讓他確信:就連基督徒也可以既悲慘又邪惡;而且比他父親治下所有的異教徒都邪惡無數倍。

Arrived at last in old Sag Harbor; and seeing what the sailors did there; and then going on to Nantucket, and seeing how they spent their wages in that place also, poor Queequeg gave it up for lost.

終於到了古老的薩格港;看見水手們在那兒的所作所為;接著又去了南塔克特,看見他們在那地方也是怎樣揮霍工錢的,可憐的魁魁格便徹底死了心。

Thought he, it’s a wicked world in all meridians; I’ll die a pagan.

他心想,這是個無論哪片經緯都一樣邪惡的世界;我要做個異教徒死去。

¶ 5

And thus an old idolator at heart, he yet lived among these Christians, wore their clothes, and tried to talk their gibberish.

就這樣,心裡是個老拜偶像者的他,卻仍活在這些基督徒中間,穿他們的衣裳,學說他們那套鳥語。

Hence the queer ways about him, though now some time from home.

他身上那些古怪的做派,便由此而來——儘管離家已有些時日了。

¶ 6

By hints, I asked him whether he did not propose going back, and having a coronation; since he might now consider his father dead and gone, he being very old and feeble at the last accounts.

我拐彎抹角地問他,是否打算回去舉行加冕;因為照最後的消息看,他父親又老又衰,這會兒大概可以當作已經過世了。

He answered no, not yet; and added that he was fearful Christianity, or rather Christians, had unfitted him for ascending the pure and undefiled throne of thirty pagan Kings before him.

他回答說,不,還不行;又補充說,他擔心基督教——或者該說是基督徒——已經把他玷污得不配登上他之前三十代異教國王那純潔無瑕的王座了。

But by and by, he said, he would return,—as soon as he felt himself baptized again.

但他說,遲早他會回去的——只要他覺得自己重新「受洗」乾淨了。

For the nonce, however, he proposed to sail about, and sow his wild oats in all four oceans.

不過眼下,他打算先四處航行,在四大洋裡「播他的野麥」(放浪一番)。

They had made a harpooneer of him, and that barbed iron was in lieu of a sceptre now.

他們既已把他練成了魚叉手,那支帶倒鉤的鐵叉,如今便代替了權杖。

¶ 7

I asked him what might be his immediate purpose, touching his future movements.

我問他,就接下來的行止而言,他眼前有什麼打算。

He answered, to go to sea again, in his old vocation.

他回答說,要重操舊業,再次出海。

Upon this, I told him that whaling was my own design, and informed him of my intention to sail out of Nantucket, as being the most promising port for an adventurous whaleman to embark from.

聽到這話,我便告訴他捕鯨也正是我的打算,並說明我有意從南塔克特出海——因為對一個想闖蕩的捕鯨人來說,那是最有前途的啟航港。

He at once resolved to accompany me to that island, ship aboard the same vessel, get into the same watch, the same boat, the same mess with me, in short to share my every hap; with both my hands in his, boldly dip into the Potluck of both worlds.

他當即決定陪我去那座島,上同一艘船,編進同一個值班班、同一艘小艇、同一桌伙食——總之,要分享我的每一樁際遇;他把我的雙手握在他手中,要與我一起,大膽地舀取這兩個世界(生與死/此岸與彼岸)「百家飯」般的命運。

To all this I joyously assented; for besides the affection I now felt for Queequeg, he was an experienced harpooneer, and as such, could not fail to be of great usefulness to one, who, like me, was wholly ignorant of the mysteries of whaling, though well acquainted with the sea, as known to merchant seamen.

對這一切我都欣然同意;因為除了我此刻對魁魁格的情誼,他還是個經驗老到的魚叉手,而這樣的人,對我這種雖熟悉商船水手所知的海、卻對捕鯨的種種奧祕一竅不通的人來說,必定大有用處。

¶ 8

His story being ended with his pipe’s last dying puff, Queequeg embraced me, pressed his forehead against mine, and blowing out the light, we rolled over from each other, this way and that, and very soon were sleeping.

他的故事隨著菸斗最後一口將熄的煙講完了,魁魁格抱住我,把額頭抵著我的額頭,吹熄了燈,我倆便各自翻過身、這邊那邊地轉了轉,很快就睡著了。

📚 艱深單字/片語/句型(20)

每個附 KK 音標、詞義、中英例句、詞源實用度、同義詞常用度(0–100%)、詞性變化(動詞含時態)。
1cloutKK [klaʊt](n.)破布、布片;(口)勢力、影響力;重擊
  • 詞義:(1)(古/方言)一塊布、破布(此處 grass clout = 草織的腰布);(2)(口語常義)政治/社會影響力(political clout);(3) 用力一擊。文中指魁魁格幼時圍的草布。
  • 例句:The union still has real clout./工會仍有實實在在的影響力。
  • 詞源+實用度:古英語 clūt(布塊/補丁)。「布」義古/方言;「影響力」義口語超高頻、最實用;「重擊」義口語亦見。
  • 同義詞常用度:influence 85% | power 85% | sway 60% | clout 70%(影響力義)
  • 詞性變化:n./v. clout(重擊)。
2saplingKK [ˈsæplɪŋ](n.)樹苗、幼樹;(喻)年輕人
  • 詞義:細小的幼樹;引申「青澀的年輕人」。文中 as if he were a green sapling = 彷彿他是一株青嫩的樹苗。
  • 例句:They planted a row of oak saplings./他們種了一排橡樹苗。
  • 詞源+實用度:sap(樹液)+ -ling(小)。常用(園藝/林業);比喻「青嫩少年」很生動。
  • 同義詞常用度:young tree 80% | seedling 60% | shoot 55% | sapling 70%
  • 詞性變化:n. sapling
3vitiateKK [ˈvɪʃɪˌet](v.)(正式)損害、敗壞;使(合約)失效
  • 詞義:使某物的品質/效力受損、變壞;(法律)使無效。文中 sadly vitiated ... by the cannibal propensity = 被食人習性可惜地敗壞了(純正血統)。
  • 例句:The error vitiated the whole experiment./那個錯誤毀掉了整個實驗(的效力)。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 vitium(缺陷、惡習,vice 同源)。正式/書面/法律詞,日常說 spoil、undermine。
  • 同義詞常用度:spoil 80% | impair 70% | corrupt 65% | vitiate 25%
  • 詞性變化:v. vitiatevitiatedvitiating)| n. vitiation
4propensityKK [prəˈpɛnsətɪ](n.)(天生的)傾向、習性、癖好
  • 詞義:對某種(常為不良)行為的天然傾向、習性。文中 the cannibal propensity = 那食人的習性。
  • 例句:He has a propensity for exaggeration./他有誇大其詞的傾向。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 propensus(傾向的)。正式/書面詞(a propensity for/to do),日常說 tendency。
  • 同義詞常用度:tendency 85% | inclination 70% | penchant 55% | propensity 60%
  • 詞性變化:n. propensity(複數 propensities)。
5complementKK [ˈkɑmpləmənt](n.)足額(人員/數量);補足物 / v. 補足、相得益彰
  • 詞義:(1) n. 使整體完備所需的(足額)數量,尤指船的「全額船員」;(2) v. 補足、襯托得更好。文中 her full complement of seamen = 她(船)滿員的水手。
  • 例句:The ship sailed with a full complement of crew./那船以足額船員出航。 The wine complements the dish./這酒與這道菜相得益彰。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 complere(填滿,complete 同源)。航海/正式義(足額)+ 日常義(complement 襯托)都常用。勿與 compliment(讚美)混淆(同音不同義)。
  • 同義詞常用度:full quota 70% | full strength 65% | complement 75%
  • 詞性變化:n./v. complementcomplementedcomplementing)| adj. complementary(互補的)。
6spurnKK [spɝn](v.)(輕蔑地)拒絕、唾棄
  • 詞義:帶著鄙夷地一口回絕、不屑一顧。文中 spurned his suit = 回絕了他的請求。
  • 例句:She spurned all his offers of help./她對他一切幫忙的提議都不屑一顧。
  • 詞源+實用度:古英語 spurnan(用腳踢開)。書面/文學詞,語氣比 reject 更帶輕蔑(spurn an offer/advances)。
  • 同義詞常用度:reject 90% | rebuff 60% | scorn 65% | spurn 55%
  • 詞性變化:v. spurnspurnedspurningspurns)。
7straitKK [stret](n.)海峽;(複)困境
  • 詞義:(1) 連接兩片海域的狹窄水道(海峽);(2)(複數 straits)窘境、困境(dire straits)。文中 a distant strait = 遠處一道海峽。
  • 例句:They sailed through the Strait of Gibraltar./他們駛過直布羅陀海峽。 in dire straits /陷入絕境。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 strictus(拉緊的,strict 同源)。地理義常用(海峽名);困境義 dire straits(樂團名亦此)超實用。勿與 straight(直的)混淆
  • 同義詞常用度:channel 75% | sound 60% | narrows 50% | strait 80%(海峽義)
  • 詞性變化:n. strait | adj. straitened(拮据的,straitened circumstances)。
8mangroveKK [ˈmæŋɡrov](n.)紅樹(林)
  • 詞義:生長在熱帶海岸/河口潮間帶、有發達支柱根的紅樹科植物(成林即紅樹林)。文中 mangrove thickets = 紅樹林叢。
  • 例句:Mangroves protect coastlines from erosion./紅樹林保護海岸線免受侵蝕。
  • 詞源+實用度:或源自葡萄牙 mangue + grove。生態/地理常用詞(mangrove forest/swamp)。
  • 同義詞常用度:(無真正同義;相關)swamp tree 40% | mangrove 70%
  • 詞性變化:n. mangrove
9capsizeKK [ˈkæpsaɪz](v.)(使船)傾覆、翻覆
  • 詞義:(船/小艇)翻覆、底朝天;也可及物「把…弄翻」。文中 capsized and sank his canoe = 把獨木舟踹翻、踹沉。
  • 例句:The dinghy capsized in the strong wind./小艇在強風中翻覆了。
  • 詞源+實用度:詞源不確(或西班牙 capuzar 使船頭沉)。航海/日常常用詞(不及物與及物皆可)。
  • 同義詞常用度:overturn 80% | tip over 75% | keel over 60% | capsize 80%
  • 詞性變化:v. capsizecapsizedcapsizing)。
10cutlassKK [ˈkʌtləs](n.)短彎刀(舊時水手/海盜用)
  • 詞義:刀身寬而略彎、單刃的短劍,舊時水手與海盜慣用。文中 suspended a cutlass over his naked wrists = 把一把短彎刀懸在他赤裸的手腕上方。
  • 例句:The pirate brandished a cutlass./那海盜揮舞著一把短彎刀。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 cultellus(小刀)。歷史/海事/海盜題材常用詞。
  • 同義詞常用度:sabre 60% | sword 80% | scimitar 40% | cutlass 55%
  • 詞性變化:n. cutlass(複數 cutlasses)。
11dauntlessKK [ˈdɔntlɪs](adj.)無畏的、勇往直前的
  • 詞義:毫不畏懼、不被嚇退的。文中 his desperate dauntlessness = 他那股孤注一擲的無畏。
  • 例句:The dauntless explorer pressed on alone./那無畏的探險家獨自繼續前行。
  • 詞源+實用度:daunt(使氣餒)+ -less。書面/文學褒義詞;動詞 daunt(嚇退)與形容詞 daunting(令人卻步的)日常更常見。
  • 同義詞常用度:fearless 85% | intrepid 60% | undaunted 65% | dauntless 50%
  • 詞性變化:adj. dauntless | n. dauntlessness | v. daunt(嚇退,daunted)| adj. daunting
12relentKK [rɪˈlɛnt](v.)(態度)軟化、讓步;(風雨)減弱
  • 詞義:(1)(原本嚴厲/堅持的人)心軟、讓步;(2)(惡劣天氣/壓力)緩和下來。文中 the captain at last relented = 船長終於心軟讓步。
  • 例句:Her parents finally relented and let her go./她父母終於心軟,放她去了。 The rain showed no sign of relenting./雨絲毫沒有要停的跡象。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 re-lentare(使柔軟)。口語書面都常用;形容詞 relentless(不留情/不停歇的,見第 7 章 remorseless 近義)超高頻。
  • 同義詞常用度:give in 80% | yield 70% | soften 65% | relent 65%
  • 詞性變化:v. relentrelentedrelenting)| adj. relentless(不留情的)。
13ignominyKK [ˈɪɡnəˌmɪnɪ](n.)恥辱、不名譽
  • 詞義:公開的羞辱、丟臉、蒙羞。文中 disdained no seeming ignominy = 不嫌棄任何表面上的屈辱。
  • 例句:He suffered the ignominy of a public demotion./他蒙受了當眾被降職的恥辱。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 in-(不)+ nomen(名)——「失了名聲」。正式/書面詞(the ignominy of …)。
  • 同義詞常用度:disgrace 80% | humiliation 75% | shame 85% | ignominy 45%
  • 詞性變化:n. ignominy | adj. ignominious(可恥的)| adv. ignominiously
14disdainKK [dɪsˈden](v. / n.)鄙視、不屑(做)
  • 詞義:(1) v. 輕蔑地對待;(2) v. 不屑(去做);(3) n. 鄙夷、輕蔑。文中 disdained no seeming ignominy = 不嫌棄(不因鄙視而拒絕)任何表面屈辱。
  • 例句:She disdained to answer./她不屑回答。 a look of disdain /一臉鄙夷。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 dedignari(認為不值,dignity 同源)。書面常用(disdain to do;treat with disdain)。
  • 同義詞常用度:scorn 80% | contempt 80% | look down on 75% | disdain 70%
  • 詞性變化:v./n. disdaindisdaineddisdaining)| adj. disdainful | adv. disdainfully
15actuateKK [ˈæktʃuˌet](v.)驅使、激勵;(機械)啟動
  • 詞義:(1)(情感/動機)驅使(人行動);(2)(技術)使(裝置)運作、啟動。文中 he was actuated by a profound desire = 他被一股深切的渴望所驅使。
  • 例句:He was actuated purely by greed./他純粹是被貪婪所驅使。 The sensor actuates the alarm./感測器啟動警報。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 actus(行動,act 同源)。「驅使」義偏正式書面(多用被動 be actuated by);「機械啟動」義在工程常用(actuator 致動器)。
  • 同義詞常用度:motivate 85% | drive 85% | prompt 75% | actuate 30%
  • 詞性變化:v. actuateactuatedactuating)| n. actuator(致動器)| n. actuation
16meridianKK [məˈrɪdɪən](n.)子午線、經線;(喻)地域、全盛期
  • 詞義:(1)(地理)連接南北極的經線/子午線;(2) 引申「地帶、地域」;(3) 頂點、全盛。文中 a wicked world in all meridians = 無論哪片經緯都一樣邪惡的世界(=放諸四海皆然)。
  • 例句:Greenwich gives us the prime meridian./格林威治定義了本初子午線。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 meridies(正午——太陽過子午線時)。地理義常用;「地帶/全盛」比喻義偏文學(the meridian of one's life 人生的頂點)。
  • 同義詞常用度:line of longitude 80% | longitude 75% | meridian 70%
  • 詞性變化:n. meridian | adj. meridional(南方的;子午線的)。
17undefiledKK [ˌʌndɪˈfaɪld](adj.)未受玷污的、純潔無瑕的
  • 詞義:沒有被弄髒、敗壞、污染的;純淨聖潔的。文中 the pure and undefiled throne = 純潔無瑕的王座。
  • 例句:a stretch of undefiled wilderness /一片未受污染的荒野。
  • 詞源+實用度:un- + defile(玷污)的過去分詞。書面/宗教詞(聖經常用 pure and undefiled);動詞 defile(玷污、褻瀆)較常見。
  • 同義詞常用度:unspoiled 75% | pure 85% | pristine 65% | undefiled 30%
  • 詞性變化:adj. undefiled | v. defile(玷污,defiled)| n. defilement
18sceptre / scepterKK [ˈsɛptɚ](n.)(君王的)權杖;王權
  • 詞義:君主在典禮上所持、象徵王權的華麗短杖;引申王權本身。文中 that barbed iron was in lieu of a sceptre = 那帶倒鉤的鐵叉如今代替了權杖。
  • 例句:The king held the orb and sceptre./國王手持寶球與權杖。
  • 詞源+實用度:希臘 skēptron(拄杖)。歷史/文學詞(王權象徵);英式拼 sceptre、美式 scepter。
  • 同義詞常用度:staff 60% | rod 55% | mace 45% | sceptre 65%
  • 詞性變化:n. sceptrescepter
19片語:sow one's wild oats(趁年輕放縱胡來、尋歡作樂)(多指年輕男子)趁年少放浪形骸、尋歡作樂(之後才安定下來)。文中 *sow his wil…
  • 詞義:(多指年輕男子)趁年少放浪形骸、尋歡作樂(之後才安定下來)。文中 sow his wild oats in all four oceans = 在四大洋裡放浪一番。
  • 例句:He sowed his wild oats in his twenties, then settled down./他二十幾歲時放縱了一陣,之後就安定下來了。
  • 用法重點+實用度:固定習語、口語常用、略帶縱容的調侃。wild oats(野燕麥)是無用的雜草——「播野麥」=白費精力的青春放縱。
  • 同義詞常用度:live it up 75% | play the field 60% | sow one's wild oats 65% | run wild 60%
20片語:in lieu of(代替、取代)用以代替(某物)。文中 in lieu of a sceptre = 代替權杖。
  • 詞義:用以代替(某物)。文中 in lieu of a sceptre = 代替權杖。
  • 例句:They gave him extra holiday in lieu of overtime pay./他們給他補休以代替加班費。
  • 用法重點+實用度:lieu 源自法語「位置、地方」(與 location 同源),幾乎只活在 in lieu of(=instead of)這個略正式的片語裡;職場/法律常見(time off in lieu 補休、payment in lieu 代金)。
  • 同義詞常用度:instead of 90% | in place of 80% | as a substitute for 65% | in lieu of 70%