第 13 章 · 15 / 138

獨輪車

CHAPTER 13. Wheelbarrow

兩人乘船赴南塔克特途中,嘲笑魁魁格的鄉巴佬落了海,竟是魁魁格縱身跳海把他救起——「我們食人族得幫幫這些基督徒。」

🏛️ 典故與文化背景

兩個「文明 vs 野蠻」的笑話

本章用兩個對稱的笑話玩轉文化相對性——魁魁格不懂獨輪車,把它扛在肩上(「野蠻人」在文明器物前出糗);而文明船長不懂島上禮俗,竟把婚宴神聖酒缽當洗手盆(「文明人」在異文化禮儀前同樣出糗)。一來一往,點破「可笑」只是立場問題,呼應全書對文明優越感的消解。

椰子水酒缽與島嶼婚俗(calabash punchbowl)

魁魁格描述羅科沃科婚宴:擠嫩椰子汁入大葫蘆瓢、置於草蓆中央,謝飯時「學鴨子向上仰望賜宴的神」(對比西方人低頭看盤子),大祭司以「浸手入缽」開席。這段帶人類學趣味的異俗描寫,賦予「異教」莊重的儀式尊嚴。

「大海寬宏,不留痕跡(the magnanimity of the sea which will permit no records)」

以實瑪利離岸時的狂喜——唾棄「滿是奴性蹄印的收費大道(turnpike earth)」,禮讚大海不容任何足跡留存。陸地=被規訓、收費、奴役之地;大海=自由、無拘、抹除一切的崇高。這組「陸/海」對立貫穿全書(呼應第 23 章〈背風岸〉)。

「韃靼之氣(Tartar air)」

Tartar(韃靼)在西方語境裡象徵草原蠻荒、不羈的野性力量。「嗅那股韃靼般的野氣」=呼吸到大海那股粗獷自由的生氣。

跳海救人+制服帆桁

本章的英雄場面——帆桁(boom)因迎風腳索(weather-sheet)崩斷而橫掃甲板(帆船轉向時 boom 失控是真實的致命危險)。魁魁格先以繩套(lasso)制住帆桁、再跳冰海救起溺水的嘲笑者。把「被歧視的野蠻人」寫成全船唯一沉著的救命英雄,是強烈的道德反轉。

「人道與義行協會」的反諷(Humane and Magnanimous Societies)

影射當時頒發救生獎章的「皇家人道協會(Royal Humane Society)」等。魁魁格救人卻渾不覺自己「配得獎章」——他的義行出於天性而非求表彰,反襯那些把善行制度化、求記功的「文明」做法。

「合股的世界(joint-stock world)」與全書經濟隱喻

梅爾維爾屢用商業/股份語彙談人生與命運(後文裴廓德號的捕鯨利潤也按「拆股 lay」分配)。這裡把「眾生互助」說成「人人互為股東」,既貼合捕鯨業的合股本質,也把魁魁格樸素的利他精神,講成一種樸實而普世的倫理——也預告兩人「同船共命」的航程即將開始。

📖 導讀

週一早晨,以實瑪利把那顆乾人頭賣給理髮匠、用魁魁格的錢結了帳,兩人推著借來的獨輪車,把行李載到碼頭邊的南塔克特小帆船「青苔號(the Moss)」。一路上人們盯著看——不是看慣見的「食人族」,而是驚訝他倆竟如此親密。魁魁格講了兩個笑話自嘲:他頭一次見獨輪車,竟把箱子綁上去、整台扛在肩上走;又講他島上婚宴用大葫蘆瓢盛椰子水當酒缽,一位拘謹自負的船長竟把那神聖酒缽當成洗手盆、當眾在裡頭洗手——「你說,我們島上的人能不笑嗎?」

船駛出阿庫什內河、迎風破浪,以實瑪利狂喜地「唾棄那滿是奴性蹄印的收費大道」、讚嘆「大海寬宏到不留任何痕跡」。船上一個青澀鄉巴佬在背後學魁魁格的樣,被魁魁格一把抓起、拋向半空、輕拍屁股讓他摔回甲板。船長斥責,魁魁格卻不屑:「他小魚啦;魁魁格不殺小魚;魁魁格殺大鯨!」就在船長回罵時,主帆迎風腳索崩斷,巨大的帆桁橫掃甲板,把那鄉巴佬掃落海。眾人慌亂無策,魁魁格卻沉著地用繩套住狂掃的帆桁、制住它,再脫到半裸縱身跳海,潛入冰冷浪中把溺者救起。全船讚他是條好漢,船長賠不是。以實瑪利從此「像藤壺般緊附著魁魁格」。而魁魁格救了人卻毫不居功,只要一點淡水擦掉鹽鹵、點起菸斗,彷彿在說:「這是個處處合股的世界;我們食人族得幫幫這些基督徒。」

重點

  • 兩個自嘲笑話:扛獨輪車、船長把婚宴聖缽當洗手盆——「文明 vs 野蠻」的相互可笑。
  • 唾棄陸地、禮讚大海:「大海寬宏到不留任何痕跡」——對自由的渴望、對奴性陸地的厭棄。
  • 拋飛鄉巴佬:嘲笑者被輕鬆拋上天——「他小魚啦,魁魁格只殺大鯨」。
  • 跳海救人:先以繩套制住狂掃的帆桁,再潛入冰海救起溺者——魁魁格的沉著與英勇。
  • 金句:「這是個處處合股的世界;我們食人族得幫幫這些基督徒」——眾生互助、反轉文明優越感。

📕 中英對照(逐句)

¶ 1

Next morning, Monday, after disposing of the embalmed head to a barber, for a block, I settled my own and comrade’s bill; using, however, my comrade’s money.

第二天早晨,週一,把那顆做過防腐的人頭賣給一個理髮匠當(假髮)模型托後,我結清了我和同伴的帳單;不過用的是我同伴的錢。

The grinning landlord, as well as the boarders, seemed amazingly tickled at the sudden friendship which had sprung up between me and Queequeg—especially as Peter Coffin’s cock and bull stories about him had previously so much alarmed me concerning the very person whom I now companied with.

那咧嘴笑的店主、連同房客們,似乎都被我和魁魁格之間驟然萌生的友情逗得樂不可支——尤其因為,彼得・柯芬先前那些關於他的無稽之談,曾把我嚇得對眼前這位如今與我作伴的人那般戒懼。

¶ 2

We borrowed a wheelbarrow, and embarking our things, including my own poor carpet-bag, and Queequeg’s canvas sack and hammock, away we went down to “the Moss,” the little Nantucket packet schooner moored at the wharf.

我們借了一台獨輪車,把行李裝上——包括我那只寒酸的毛氈旅行袋,還有魁魁格的帆布袋和吊床——便動身往碼頭邊停泊的南塔克特小班船「青苔號」走去。

As we were going along the people stared; not at Queequeg so much—for they were used to seeing cannibals like him in their streets,—but at seeing him and me upon such confidential terms.

我們一路走,人們盯著看;倒不太是看魁魁格——因為他們街上見慣了他這樣的食人族——而是看我倆竟如此交心親密。

But we heeded them not, going along wheeling the barrow by turns, and Queequeg now and then stopping to adjust the sheath on his harpoon barbs.

但我們不理會他們,輪流推著獨輪車前行,魁魁格還不時停下,調整一下他魚叉倒鉤上的護套。

I asked him why he carried such a troublesome thing with him ashore, and whether all whaling ships did not find their own harpoons.

我問他為何上岸還隨身帶著這麼個累贅,難道所有捕鯨船不是都自備魚叉嗎。

To this, in substance, he replied, that though what I hinted was true enough, yet he had a particular affection for his own harpoon, because it was of assured stuff, well tried in many a mortal combat, and deeply intimate with the hearts of whales.

對此他的回答,大意是:我說的雖沒錯,可他對自己這支魚叉有種特別的感情,因為它是用可靠的料子做的,在許多次生死搏鬥中久經考驗,與鯨的心臟有過極深的「親密」往來。

In short, like many inland reapers and mowers, who go into the farmers’ meadows armed with their own scythes—though in no wise obliged to furnish them—even so, Queequeg, for his own private reasons, preferred his own harpoon.

總之,就像許多內陸的收割工、割草人,明明沒義務自備,卻偏要帶著自己的大鐮刀走進農家的草地——魁魁格也一樣,出於他自己的私心,偏愛用他自己的魚叉。

¶ 3

Shifting the barrow from my hand to his, he told me a funny story about the first wheelbarrow he had ever seen.

他把獨輪車從我手裡接過去,給我講了個關於他生平頭一回見到獨輪車的趣事。

It was in Sag Harbor.

那是在薩格港。

The owners of his ship, it seems, had lent him one, in which to carry his heavy chest to his boarding house.

看樣子,他那船的船東借了他一台,好讓他把沉重的箱子運到寄宿處。

Not to seem ignorant about the thing—though in truth he was entirely so, concerning the precise way in which to manage the barrow—Queequeg puts his chest upon it; lashes it fast; and then shoulders the barrow and marches up the wharf.

為了不顯得對這玩意兒一無所知——其實他對獨輪車究竟該怎麼操作,當真是一竅不通——魁魁格把箱子擱上去、牢牢綁緊,然後把整台獨輪車往肩上一扛,沿著碼頭大步走了起來。

“Why,” said I, “Queequeg, you might have known better than that, one would think. Didn’t the people laugh?”

「嗐,」我說,「魁魁格,照理說你總該比這聰明點吧。難道人們沒笑你?」

¶ 4

Upon this, he told me another story.

聽我這麼一說,他又給我講了另一個故事。

The people of his island of Rokovoko, it seems, at their wedding feasts express the fragrant water of young cocoanuts into a large stained calabash like a punchbowl; and this punchbowl always forms the great central ornament on the braided mat where the feast is held.

看樣子,他羅科沃科島上的人,在婚宴上會把嫩椰子那芬芳的汁擠進一個大大的、染了色的葫蘆瓢裡——像個酒缽;而這酒缽,總是擺在舉行宴席的編織草蓆中央,當作那最重要的中心裝飾。

Now a certain grand merchant ship once touched at Rokovoko, and its commander—from all accounts, a very stately punctilious gentleman, at least for a sea captain—this commander was invited to the wedding feast of Queequeg’s sister, a pretty young princess just turned of ten.

話說有一艘氣派的大商船曾停靠羅科沃科,它的船長——照各種說法,是位十分莊重、拘謹守禮的紳士,至少就一個海船船長而言如此——這位船長被邀去參加魁魁格妹妹的婚宴,那是位剛滿十歲、漂亮的小公主。

Well; when all the wedding guests were assembled at the bride’s bamboo cottage, this Captain marches in, and being assigned the post of honor, placed himself over against the punchbowl, and between the High Priest and his majesty the King, Queequeg’s father.

且說,當所有賓客都聚集在新娘的竹屋裡時,這位船長大步走了進來,被安排了上賓之位,坐在正對著酒缽、大祭司與國王陛下(魁魁格的父親)之間的位置。

Grace being said,—for those people have their grace as well as we—though Queequeg told me that unlike us, who at such times look downwards to our platters, they, on the contrary, copying the ducks, glance upwards to the great Giver of all feasts—Grace, I say, being said, the High Priest opens the banquet by the immemorial ceremony of the island; that is, dipping his consecrated and consecrating fingers into the bowl before the blessed beverage circulates.

做完飯前禱告後——那些人跟我們一樣也有他們的謝飯禱告——不過魁魁格告訴我,跟我們這種時候低頭望著自己盤子的做法不同,他們反倒學鴨子,往上仰望那位賜下一切宴席的偉大施與者——我說,禱告做完後,大祭司便以島上自古相傳的儀式揭開宴席的序幕;也就是,在那神聖的飲料傳遞之前,先把他那既受過聖化、又能施聖化的手指浸進缽裡。

Seeing himself placed next the Priest, and noting the ceremony, and thinking himself—being Captain of a ship—as having plain precedence over a mere island King, especially in the King’s own house—the Captain coolly proceeds to wash his hands in the punchbowl;—taking it I suppose for a huge finger-glass.

這船長見自己被安排在祭司旁邊,又留意到這套儀式,再一想——自己身為一船之長——理當明明白白地位序高過一個區區島國國王,尤其在國王自己家裡——便不慌不忙地動手在那酒缽裡洗起手來;——我猜,他大概把它當成一個巨大的洗指盆了。

“Now,” said Queequeg, “what you tink now?—Didn’t our people laugh?”

「那麼,」魁魁格說,「你這會兒怎麼想?——我們島上的人能不笑嗎?」

¶ 5

At last, passage paid, and luggage safe, we stood on board the schooner.

最後,船費付清、行李安頓妥當,我們站上了那艘縱帆船。

Hoisting sail, it glided down the Acushnet river.

升起帆,船順著阿庫什內河滑行而下。

On one side, New Bedford rose in terraces of streets, their ice-covered trees all glittering in the clear, cold air.

一側,新貝德福以一層層階梯狀的街道升起,覆滿冰的樹木在清冷的空氣裡熠熠生輝。

Huge hills and mountains of casks on casks were piled upon her wharves, and side by side the world-wandering whale ships lay silent and safely moored at last; while from others came a sound of carpenters and coopers, with blended noises of fires and forges to melt the pitch, all betokening that new cruises were on the start; that one most perilous and long voyage ended, only begins a second; and a second ended, only begins a third, and so on, for ever and for aye.

碼頭上堆著一座座、一山山的大桶疊大桶,那些浪跡全球的捕鯨船終於並排靜靜地、安然地停泊著;而從另一些船上,傳來木匠與桶匠的聲響,夾雜著熔瀝青的爐火與鍛爐的噪音,這一切都預示著新的航程即將啟程;一趟最是凶險而漫長的航行剛結束,緊接著只是另一趟的開始;第二趟一結束,又只是第三趟的開始,如此這般,永永遠遠,無有止盡。

Such is the endlessness, yea, the intolerableness of all earthly effort.

塵世間一切努力,正是這般地無有止盡——是的,正是這般地教人難以忍受。

¶ 6

Gaining the more open water, the bracing breeze waxed fresh; the little Moss tossed the quick foam from her bows, as a young colt his snortings.

駛入更開闊的水域後,那提神的海風漸漸轉勁;小小的青苔號從船首甩出陣陣飛濺的浪花,像一匹小馬駒打著響鼻。

How I snuffed that Tartar air!—how I spurned that turnpike earth!—that common highway all over dented with the marks of slavish heels and hoofs; and turned me to admire the magnanimity of the sea which will permit no records.

我何等暢快地嗅著那股韃靼般的野氣!——我何等不屑地唾棄那收費大道般的陸地!——那條到處被奴性的腳跟與蹄印踩出凹痕的尋常公路;於是我轉而讚歎大海的寬宏——它不容任何痕跡留下。

¶ 7

At the same foam-fountain, Queequeg seemed to drink and reel with me.

在同一道浪花的噴泉旁,魁魁格似乎也和我一同暢飲、一同陶然搖晃。

His dusky nostrils swelled apart; he showed his filed and pointed teeth.

他黝黑的鼻孔張得開開的;他露出了銼尖的牙齒。

On, on we flew; and our offing gained, the Moss did homage to the blast; ducked and dived her bows as a slave before the Sultan.

我們飛也似地往前、往前;駛離海岸後,青苔號向那陣狂風致敬;像一個奴隸在蘇丹面前那樣,把船首一俯一沉。

Sideways leaning, we sideways darted; every ropeyarn tingling like a wire; the two tall masts buckling like Indian canes in land tornadoes.

船身側傾,我們便側著飛馳;每一根繩纖維都像鋼絲似地繃得發顫;兩根高桅彎曲著,像陸上龍捲風裡的印度藤。

So full of this reeling scene were we, as we stood by the plunging bowsprit, that for some time we did not notice the jeering glances of the passengers, a lubber-like assembly, who marvelled that two fellow beings should be so companionable; as though a white man were anything more dignified than a whitewashed negro.

我們站在那俯衝的船首斜桅旁,滿心都是這搖盪的景象,以致好一陣子都沒注意到乘客們那些譏嘲的目光——那是一群旱鴨子似的烏合之眾,他們驚訝於兩個同類竟能這般合得來;彷彿一個白人,就比一個刷白了的黑人更有什麼尊嚴似的。

But there were some boobies and bumpkins there, who, by their intense greenness, must have come from the heart and centre of all verdure.

但他們之中有幾個蠢貨和鄉巴佬,瞧那一身濃得化不開的青澀,準是打從一切「綠」的核心與正中央來的。

Queequeg caught one of these young saplings mimicking him behind his back.

魁魁格逮著這幾株「小樹苗」中的一個,正在他背後學他的樣。

I thought the bumpkin’s hour of doom was come.

我以為這鄉巴佬的死期到了。

Dropping his harpoon, the brawny savage caught him in his arms, and by an almost miraculous dexterity and strength, sent him high up bodily into the air; then slightly tapping his stern in mid-somerset, the fellow landed with bursting lungs upon his feet, while Queequeg, turning his back upon him, lighted his tomahawk pipe and passed it to me for a puff.

那壯碩的野人扔下魚叉,一把把他抱住,以一種近乎神乎其技的靈巧與力氣,把他整個人高高拋向空中;然後趁他半空翻筋斗時,在他屁股上輕輕一拍,那傢伙便雙腳著地、喘得肺都要炸了;而魁魁格已轉過身去,點起他的菸斗戰斧,遞給我抽一口。

¶ 8

“Capting! Capting!” yelled the bumpkin, running towards that officer; “Capting, Capting, here’s the devil.”

「船長!船長!」那鄉巴佬朝那位官長跑去,嚷道;「船長,船長,這兒有個魔鬼。」

¶ 9

“Hallo, you sir,” cried the Captain, a gaunt rib of the sea, stalking up to Queequeg, “what in thunder do you mean by that? Don’t you know you might have killed that chap?”

「喂,你這位先生,」船長喊道——他是個瘦骨嶙峋、海上熬出來的人——大步走到魁魁格跟前,「你這究竟是什麼意思?你不知道你差點害死那小子嗎?」

¶ 10

“What him say?” said Queequeg, as he mildly turned to me.

「他講什麼?」魁魁格溫和地轉向我問道。

¶ 11

“He say,” said I, “that you came near kill-e that man there,” pointing to the still shivering greenhorn.

「他說,」我說,「你差點殺掉那邊那個人,」我指著那個還在發抖的菜鳥。

¶ 12

“Kill-e,” cried Queequeg, twisting his tattooed face into an unearthly expression of disdain, “ah! him bevy small-e fish-e; Queequeg no kill-e so small-e fish-e; Queequeg kill-e big whale!”

「殺掉,」魁魁格喊道,把他那刺青的臉扭成一副超乎尋常的鄙夷神情,「啊!他小小小魚啦;魁魁格不殺這麼小的魚啦;魁魁格殺大鯨!」

¶ 13

“Look you,” roared the Captain, “I’ll kill-e you, you cannibal, if you try any more of your tricks aboard here; so mind your eye.”

「你給我聽著,」船長吼道,「你這食人族,你要是再在這船上耍什麼花樣,我就『殺掉你』;所以給我放機靈點。」

But it so happened just then, that it was high time for the Captain to mind his own eye.

可偏巧就在這時,輪到船長自己該放機靈點了。

The prodigious strain upon the main-sail had parted the weather-sheet, and the tremendous boom was now flying from side to side, completely sweeping the entire after part of the deck.

主帆上那股巨大的張力,已把迎風的帆腳索繃斷了,那根駭人的帆桁這會兒正左右橫飛,把整個後甲板掃了個遍。

The poor fellow whom Queequeg had handled so roughly, was swept overboard; all hands were in a panic; and to attempt snatching at the boom to stay it, seemed madness.

那個被魁魁格粗手粗腳對待過的可憐傢伙,被掃下了海;全船的人都慌了;而想去抓住那帆桁、把它制住,簡直像是發瘋。

It flew from right to left, and back again, almost in one ticking of a watch, and every instant seemed on the point of snapping into splinters.

它從右掃到左、又掃回來,幾乎就在錶針滴答一聲之間;每一刻都像是要崩裂成碎片。

Nothing was done, and nothing seemed capable of being done; those on deck rushed towards the bows, and stood eyeing the boom as if it were the lower jaw of an exasperated whale.

什麼也沒做成,似乎也沒什麼做得成的;甲板上的人都衝向船首,站在那兒盯著那帆桁,彷彿它是一頭暴怒巨鯨的下顎。

In the midst of this consternation, Queequeg dropped deftly to his knees, and crawling under the path of the boom, whipped hold of a rope, secured one end to the bulwarks, and then flinging the other like a lasso, caught it round the boom as it swept over his head, and at the next jerk, the spar was that way trapped, and all was safe.

就在這一片驚惶中,魁魁格俐落地跪倒在地,從那帆桁橫掃的路徑底下爬過去,一把抓住一條繩子,把一端固定在舷牆上,然後像甩套索般把另一端拋出,趁帆桁從他頭上掃過時套住了它,下一個猛拽之間,那桅桁便這麼被套住了,於是一切都安全了。

The schooner was run into the wind, and while the hands were clearing away the stern boat, Queequeg, stripped to the waist, darted from the side with a long living arc of a leap.

縱帆船被轉向迎風,趁水手們在解開船尾小艇時,魁魁格脫到半裸,從船舷劃出一道修長、矯健的弧線一躍而下。

For three minutes or more he was seen swimming like a dog, throwing his long arms straight out before him, and by turns revealing his brawny shoulders through the freezing foam.

有三分多鐘,只見他像狗一樣游著,雙臂直直地往身前甩出,在那冰凍的浪花裡輪番露出他壯碩的肩膀。

I looked at the grand and glorious fellow, but saw no one to be saved.

我望著這位偉岸而英勇的傢伙,卻看不見有什麼人可救。

The greenhorn had gone down.

那菜鳥已經沉下去了。

Shooting himself perpendicularly from the water, Queequeg, now took an instant’s glance around him, and seeming to see just how matters were, dived down and disappeared.

魁魁格筆直地從水裡竄起,這會兒朝四周飛快一瞥,似乎看清了情勢,便一個猛子扎下去、不見了。

A few minutes more, and he rose again, one arm still striking out, and with the other dragging a lifeless form.

又過了幾分鐘,他再次浮起,一隻手仍划著水,另一隻手拖著一個了無生氣的身軀。

The boat soon picked them up. The poor bumpkin was restored.

小艇很快把他倆撈了上來。那可憐的鄉巴佬被救活了。

All hands voted Queequeg a noble trump; the captain begged his pardon.

全船一致公認魁魁格是條好漢;船長向他賠了不是。

From that hour I clove to Queequeg like a barnacle; yea, till poor Queequeg took his last long dive.

從那一刻起,我便像藤壺一樣緊緊附著魁魁格;是的,一直到可憐的魁魁格縱身扎下他最後那長長的一潛(死去)為止。

¶ 14

Was there ever such unconsciousness?

天底下可曾有過這樣的渾然不自覺?

He did not seem to think that he at all deserved a medal from the Humane and Magnanimous Societies.

他似乎完全不覺得自己配得上「人道與義行協會」頒一面獎章。

He only asked for water—fresh water—something to wipe the brine off; that done, he put on dry clothes, lighted his pipe, and leaning against the bulwarks, and mildly eyeing those around him, seemed to be saying to himself—“It’s a mutual, joint-stock world, in all meridians. We cannibals must help these Christians.”

他只要了點水——淡水——好擦掉身上的鹽鹵;擦完,他換上乾衣裳,點起菸斗,倚著舷牆,溫和地打量著四周的人,彷彿在對自己說——「這是個彼此相連、處處合股的世界,放諸四海皆然。我們食人族,總得幫幫這些基督徒。」

📚 艱深單字/片語/句型(20)

每個附 KK 音標、詞義、中英例句、詞源實用度、同義詞常用度(0–100%)、詞性變化(動詞含時態)。
1片語:a cock and bull story(無稽之談、編造的鬼話)荒誕不可信、明顯瞎編的故事/說辭。文中 *Peter Coffin’s cock and …
  • 詞義:荒誕不可信、明顯瞎編的故事/說辭。文中 Peter Coffin’s cock and bull stories = 彼得・柯芬那些無稽之談(指他唬弄以實瑪利的「賣人頭」故事)。
  • 例句:He gave some cock and bull story about missing the train./他扯了個沒趕上火車的鬼話。
  • 用法重點+實用度:固定習語、口語常用,帶不信任/嘲諷。傳說源自英國一家驛站客棧的招牌或互相加碼的旅人故事。
  • 同義詞常用度:tall tale 70% | fabrication 65% | cock and bull story 60% | pack of lies 70%
2scytheKK [saɪð](n. / v.)大鐮刀;揮鐮刈割
  • 詞義:長柄、彎刃、雙手揮舞用來割草/收麥的大鐮刀(死神手持之物)。文中 armed with their own scythes = 帶著自己的大鐮刀。
  • 例句:The reaper swung his scythe through the wheat./收割人揮著大鐮刀割過麥田。
  • 詞源+實用度:古英語 sīthe。農業/文學詞(死神 the Grim Reaper 即持 scythe);注意拼寫有不發音的 c。
  • 同義詞常用度:sickle 70%(小鐮刀)| reaping hook 40% | scythe 65%
  • 詞性變化:n./v. scythescythedscything)。
3calabashKK [ˈkæləˌbæʃ](n.)葫蘆;葫蘆瓢(容器)
  • 詞義:葫蘆(瓜);或用其乾殼做成的瓢/碗/容器。文中 a large stained calabash like a punchbowl = 一個染了色、像酒缽的大葫蘆瓢。
  • 例句:They drank from a calabash gourd./他們用葫蘆瓢喝水。
  • 詞源+實用度:可能源自波斯/西班牙 calabaza。民族/熱帶語境詞(calabash 也指做菸斗的葫蘆,如福爾摩斯式彎菸斗)。
  • 同義詞常用度:gourd 75% | bowl 60% | calabash 45%
  • 詞性變化:n. calabash
4punctiliousKK [pʌŋkˈtɪlɪəs](adj.)一絲不苟講究細節(禮節)的、拘謹守禮的
  • 詞義:對禮節、規矩、細節極其講究、絲毫不馬虎的。文中 a very stately punctilious gentleman = 一位十分莊重、拘謹守禮的紳士。
  • 例句:He was punctilious about thanking everyone by name./他一絲不苟地點名向每個人道謝。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 punctum(點)→ punctilio(細節禮節)。書面雅詞,褒貶皆可(講究/拘泥)。
  • 同義詞常用度:meticulous 75% | scrupulous 60% | fastidious 55% | punctilious 40%
  • 詞性變化:adj. punctilious | adv. punctiliously | n. punctilio(拘禮的細節)。
5consecrateKK [ˈkɑnsɪˌkret](v.)使神聖、祝聖、奉獻(給神)
  • 詞義:以宗教儀式使(人/物/地)成為神聖;獻給神聖目的。文中 his consecrated and consecrating fingers = 他那既受過聖化、又能施聖化的手指。
  • 例句:The bishop consecrated the new church./主教為新教堂行了祝聖禮。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 consecrarecom-sacrare 使神聖,sacred 同源)。宗教/正式詞;引申「全心奉獻(consecrate one's life to)」。
  • 同義詞常用度:sanctify 60% | bless 75% | dedicate 70% | consecrate 55%
  • 詞性變化:v. consecrateconsecratedconsecrating)| n. consecration | adj. consecrated
6precedenceKK [ˈprɛsədəns](n.)(地位/次序的)優先、優先權
  • 詞義:在重要性、位序或禮儀排序上居先。文中 plain precedence over a mere island King = 明明白白地位序高過一個區區島國國王。
  • 例句:Safety takes precedence over speed./安全優先於速度。
  • 詞源+實用度:拉丁 praecedere(走在前,precede 同源)。書面/正式高頻(take/give precedence over;order of precedence 禮賓位序)。
  • 同義詞常用度:priority 85% | primacy 55% | seniority 50% | precedence 70%
  • 詞性變化:n. precedence | v. precede(先於)| n. precedent(先例,重音/義不同)。
7betokenKK [bɪˈtokən](v.)(正式)預示、表示、是…的徵兆
  • 詞義:作為某事的徵兆或前兆;表明。文中 all betokening that new cruises were on the start = 這一切都預示著新的航程即將啟程。
  • 例句:The dark clouds betokened a storm./烏雲預示著一場風暴。
  • 詞源+實用度:be- + token(記號/象徵)。文學/古雅詞,日常說 indicate、signal、herald。
  • 同義詞常用度:indicate 85% | signify 70% | herald 55% | betoken 25%
  • 詞性變化:v. betokenbetokenedbetokening)| n. token
8bracingKK [ˈbresɪŋ](adj.)(空氣/天氣)令人精神一振的、清冽提神的
  • 詞義:(尤指冷空氣/海風)清新、令人為之一振、提神醒腦的。文中 the bracing breeze waxed fresh = 那提神的海風漸漸轉勁。
  • 例句:a bracing walk along the cliffs /在崖邊一段令人神清氣爽的散步。
  • 詞源+實用度:brace(使振作)的現在分詞。口語書面都常用(多形容冷而清爽的天氣/空氣)。
  • 同義詞常用度:invigorating 70% | refreshing 80% | crisp 65% | bracing 60%
  • 詞性變化:adj. bracing | v. brace(使振作/支撐,braced)。
9turnpikeKK [ˈtɝnˌpaɪk](n.)收費公路;(舊)收費關卡
  • 詞義:(1) 收費公路(尤美式,如 New Jersey Turnpike);(2)(舊)設關收費的路障。文中 that turnpike earth = 那收費大道般的陸地(喻陸地處處被規矩、收費、奴性踩踏)。
  • 例句:We drove east on the turnpike./我們沿收費公路向東開。
  • 詞源+實用度:turn + pike(長矛狀的旋轉路障)。美式高頻(高速公路名);本章用作「被馴化、束縛的陸地」的象徵,對比自由的大海。
  • 同義詞常用度:toll road 80% | highway 75% | expressway 70% | turnpike 55%
  • 詞性變化:n. turnpike
10lubber / landlubberKK [ˈlʌbɚ](n.)(水手蔑稱)不諳航海的旱鴨子;笨拙的人
  • 詞義:(航海俚,貶)不會航海、在船上笨手笨腳的人(陸上人);泛指笨拙的大個子。文中 a lubber-like assembly = 一群旱鴨子似的烏合之眾(指乘客)。
  • 例句:The old salts sneered at the seasick lubbers./老水手們譏笑那些暈船的旱鴨子。
  • 詞源+實用度:中古英語 lobre(笨重之人)。航海語境詞,常作 landlubber(旱鴨子);讀海洋文學常見。
  • 同義詞常用度:landlubber 70% | greenhorn 60% | novice 65% | lubber 35%
  • 詞性變化:n. lubberlandlubber | adj. lubberly
11boobyKK [ˈbubɪ](n.)笨蛋、傻瓜;(鳥)鰹鳥
  • 詞義:(1) 蠢人、傻瓜;(2) 一種熱帶海鳥「鰹鳥」(因易被捕、被當蠢鳥)。文中 some boobies and bumpkins = 幾個蠢貨和鄉巴佬。
  • 例句:Don't be such a booby./別這麼傻。 (衍生 booby prize 末名安慰獎、booby trap 詭雷/惡作劇陷阱)
  • 詞源+實用度:西班牙 bobo(傻)。口語(略舊/戲謔);衍生詞 booby trap、booby prize 很常用。
  • 同義詞常用度:fool 85% | dunce 50% | nincompoop 40% | booby 45%
  • 詞性變化:n. booby(複數 boobies)。
12somersault / somersetKK [ˈsʌmɚˌsɔlt](n. / v.)翻筋斗、空翻
  • 詞義:身體頭腳翻轉一圈的翻滾/空翻。文中 in mid-somerset(somerset=somersault 的舊變體)= 在半空翻筋斗時。
  • 例句:The gymnast did a backward somersault./那體操選手做了個後空翻。
  • 詞源+實用度:古法語 sombresaultsobre 上 + saut 跳)。日常常用(體操/跳水);somerset 為古拼,本書取此。
  • 同義詞常用度:flip 80% | tumble 65% | roll 60% | somersault 75%
  • 詞性變化:n./v. somersaultsomersaultedsomersaulting)。
13gauntKK [ɡɔnt](adj.)(人)瘦削憔悴的;(景物)荒涼陰森的
  • 詞義:(1)(因病/餓/勞累)瘦得皮包骨、面容憔悴的;(2)(地方/建築)荒涼、光禿陰森的。文中 a gaunt rib of the sea = 一個瘦骨嶙峋、海上熬出來的人(指船長)。
  • 例句:His face was gaunt after the illness./病後他面容憔悴。
  • 詞源+實用度:詞源不確(或斯堪地那維亞語)。書面常用,形容人或荒景。
  • 同義詞常用度:haggard 70% | emaciated 60% | scrawny 55% | gaunt 70%
  • 詞性變化:adj. gaunt | n. gauntness
14boomKK [bum](n.,航海)帆桁(張帆下緣的橫桿)
  • 詞義:(航海)固定在桅下、用以張開並控制船帆下緣的橫桿(轉向時會猛烈擺動,極危險)。文中 the tremendous boom was now flying from side to side = 那根駭人的帆桁正左右橫飛。注意 boom 另有「轟鳴、繁榮、麥克風吊桿」等多義。
  • 例句:Mind the boom when we tack!/我們轉向時當心帆桁!
  • 詞源+實用度:荷蘭 boom(樹、桿)。航海專門義(讀帆船文學必懂;jibe 時 boom 擺動是常見意外)。
  • 同義詞常用度:spar 55% | yard 50% | boom 75%(帆桁義)
  • 詞性變化:n. boom(多義)。
15lassoKK [ˈlæso](n. / v.)套索;用套索套住
  • 詞義:(1) n. 一端打活結、用來套牲口的長繩套索;(2) v. 用套索套捕。文中 flinging the other like a lasso = 像甩套索般把另一端拋出。
  • 例句:The cowboy lassoed the calf./牛仔用套索套住了小牛。
  • 詞源+實用度:西班牙 lazo(繩結)。日常常用(西部牛仔意象);可名可動。
  • 同義詞常用度:lariat 50% | noose 60% | rope 75% | lasso 70%
  • 詞性變化:n./v. lassolassoedlassoing)。
16barnacleKK [ˈbɑrnək!](n.)藤壺(附著船底/礁石的甲殼動物);(喻)甩不掉的人
  • 詞義:附著在船底、礁石、鯨皮上的小型甲殼動物;引申「死纏不放、甩不掉的人/物」。文中 I clove to Queequeg like a barnacle = 我像藤壺一樣緊附著魁魁格。
  • 例句:The hull was crusted with barnacles./船殼上結滿了藤壺。
  • 詞源+實用度:中古英語 bernak。海洋生物常用詞;比喻「黏人/難擺脫」很生動(後文鯨身上也常見藤壺)。
  • 同義詞常用度:(喻)clinger 40% | limpet 50%(帽貝,類似喻法)| barnacle 60%
  • 詞性變化:n. barnacle | adj. barnacled(長滿藤壺的)。
17joint-stockKK [ˌdʒɔɪntˈstɑk](adj.)合股的、股份(共有)的
  • 詞義:(經濟)由眾多股東共同出資、共擔風險共享利潤的(joint-stock company 股份公司)。文中名句 a mutual, joint-stock world = 一個彼此相連、處處「合股」的世界(人人休戚與共)。
  • 例句:The East India Company was an early joint-stock company./東印度公司是早期的股份公司之一。
  • 詞源+實用度:joint(共同)+ stock(股本)。經濟/歷史詞;本章把它比喻成「眾生互為股東、命運與共」,是名句的關鍵。
  • 同義詞常用度:shareholding 60% | jointly owned 65% | cooperative 55% | joint-stock 50%
  • 詞性變化:adj. joint-stock
18cleaveKK [kliv](v.)緊附、緊貼(to);(另義)劈開——一字兩反義
  • 詞義:本章義(1)=緊附、忠貞不渝地依附(cleave to)。文中 I clove to Queequeg(clove=cleave 的過去式)= 我緊緊附著魁魁格。注意:cleave 是著名的「反義同形詞」——另一義(2)=劈開、剖開(過去式 cleft/cleaved)。
  • 例句:(緊附) They cleaved to their old traditions./他們緊守著舊傳統。 (劈開) The axe cleft the log in two./斧頭把木頭劈成兩半。
  • 詞源+實用度:兩義來自兩個不同的古英語詞(clifian 黏附/clēofan 劈開),碰巧同形。「緊附」義偏文學(聖經 cleave unto);「劈開」義較常用。
  • 同義詞常用度(緊附義):cling to 80% | adhere to 70% | stick to 80% | cleave to 35%
  • 詞性變化:v. cleave(緊附:clove/cleaved;劈開:cleft/clove/cleaved,過去分詞 cleft/cloven)| n. cleavage | adj. cloven(劈開的,cloven hoof 偶蹄)。
19片語:mind your eye(當心、留神、放機靈點)(口語/舊)「當心點、留神、別大意」。文中船長對魁魁格說 mind your eye(…
  • 詞義:(口語/舊)「當心點、留神、別大意」。文中船長對魁魁格說 mind your eye(給我放機靈點),下一句旋即「輪到船長自己該 mind his own eye」——一語雙關的反諷。
  • 例句:Mind your eye on that top step./當心那最上面一階。
  • 用法重點+實用度:英式口語、略舊;近義 mind out、watch out、keep your wits about you。本章用它前後呼應、製造戲謔。
  • 同義詞常用度:watch out 90% | be careful 90% | look sharp 55% | mind your eye 25%
20名句/主題句:It's a mutual, joint-stock world... We cannibals must help these Christians.「這是個彼此相連、處處合股(休戚與共)的世界;我們食人族總得幫幫這些基督徒。」魁魁格救人後…
  • 詞義:「這是個彼此相連、處處合股(休戚與共)的世界;我們食人族總得幫幫這些基督徒。」魁魁格救人後渾然不居功的心聲——把世界看成人人互為股東的命運共同體。
  • 修辭/思想:(1) 以商業術語 joint-stock(股份共有)比喻「眾生互助、休戚與共」;(2) 反轉優越感——通常是「文明基督徒去教化/拯救野蠻人」,這裡卻是「食人族來幫基督徒」,把救人的高度給了被歧視的一方;(3) 與第 10 章「己所欲施於人」、全書「文明 vs 野蠻」的反諷一脈相承。
  • 仿寫:It's one boat we're all in; the strong must row for the weak./我們同在一條船上;強者得替弱者划槳。
  • 同類表達常用度:we're all in this together 85% | no man is an island 70% | mutual aid 60% | joint-stock world 20%(梅氏獨創)